1. AXIAL SKELETON

2. SKULL 22 bones in all Divided into cranial bones and facial bones Cranium function = to enclose and protect the brain

3. SKULL (cont.) Facial bone functions: – Form the framework of the face – Contain cavities for the special sense organs of sight, taste and smell – Provide openings for passage of air and food – Secure the teeth – Anchor the facial muscles of expression

4. Skull (cont.) Skull bones Jawbone (mandible) Teeth Eye Socket Nose Cartilage Vertebrae

5. Vertebral Column 26 irregular bones connected Serves as axial support of the trunk; transmits the weight from the trunk to the limbs Protects spinal cord About 70 cm. Long - divided into five main vertebrae divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

7. CERVICAL Vertebrae THORACIC Vertebrae LUMBAR Vertebrae

8. SACRUM COCCYX

9. Vertebral Column (cont.) Neck (cervical region) Chest (thoracic region) Lower back (lumbar region) Tailbone (coccygeal region) In order from top of the spine to the bottom <--- Disc Vertebrae

10. Bony Thorax The thorax is the chest It consists of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs, sternum (breast bone) and costal cartilages Forms a protective cage around vital organs and supports

11. MAIN AXIAL PARTS TO KNOW… Skull Sternum Ribs Sacrum Coccyx Cervical Thoracic Lumbar ** Make sure you know both the common and scientific names of these parts **