1. Label the picture of the skeleton accurately. Skull

2. The Four Functions of the Skeleton Why don’t we get brain damage unless hit extremely hard ? 1 st function: PROTECTION See if you can identify the bones that protect other vital organs Heart & Lungs Spinal Cord (transmits messages to your brain) Rib cage & Sternum Vertebrae

3. The Skeleton has many joints – what is the primary purpose of joints ? 2 nd Function: Movement

4. 3 rd Function of the Skeleton: Blood Formation Blood is produced in some of the thickest and longest bones in the body, eg Can you remember their proper names ? Hint: Look at the bones in the arms & legs! Answer: Femur, Humerus

5. 4 th Function: Shape or Support Without a rigid framework your body would be shapeless and without structure. Your bones also provide an anchor for vital organs so they can be secured in place. The blob has no skeleton

6. Skeleton & Bones Quiz Question 1: The Ulna can be found in: A.The upper arm B.The lower arm C.The upper leg D.The lower leg

7. Question 2 Another name for the Collar bone is A.Patella B.Humerus C.Clavicle D.Tibia

8. Question 3 The four functions of the Skeleton are: A.Support, Movement, Healing, Hormonal Release B.Absorbing pressure, Movement, Healing, Blood Production C.Protection, Support, Movement, Hormonal Release D.Movement, Blood Production, Support, Protection

9. Question 4 Which bones protect vital organs? A.Skull, Patella, Ribs B.Femur, Vertebrae, Skull C.Ribs, Spinal Column, Skull D.Skull, Sternum, Scapula

10. What are Bones made of? Bones start to grow inside the womb, where they begin as cartilage. As you get older this turns into hard bone by a process called ossification. Bones will only grow properly as long as certain minerals and vitamins are eaten: –Vitamin D helps build bone. –Calcium is a mineral which helps keep bones strong. Even as a fully-grown adult, the bone structure is always changing, as vitamins and minerals are constantly replaced. A poor diet will result in soft bones, whilst a balanced diet and exercise will make the bones harder.

12. HOW DO WE CLASSIFY BONES ? Bones are classified according to their function: (Protection) FLAT BONES (Protection) IRREGULAR BONES (levers) LONG BONES SHORT BONES

15. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Is very versatile, it has strength and is flexible. We can use it as a lever and it also protects the spinal chord. We have 12 ribs, their job is to protect the organs of the chest and the upper abdomen. The vertebral column consists of 33 bones, or vertebrae, which are divided into 5 groups :

16. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 7 in the CERVICAL region which form the neck, and allow a variety of movement. 12 in the THORACIC region. 5 in the LUMBAR region. 5 in the SACRUM 4 in the COCCYX which used to form our tail.

17. All the vertebrae fit neatly together to protect the spinal chord. Between each vertebrae is an INTERVERTEBRAL disc. These discs are very delicate and if put out of action by slipping out of place or tearing, the patient is said to have “slipped a disc”.

18. JOINTS OF THE BODY JOINT- A place where two or more bones meet. SYNOVIAL JOINTS- in order to prevent pain through the friction that might be caused by the bones rubbing together, the ends of the bones in a SYNOVIAL JOINT are covered with a layer of thick cartilage known as HYALINE CARTILAGE.

19. The cartilage is elastic and this enables it to cushion and therefore protect the ends of the bones involved in the joint. Surrounding a synovial joint is a tough capsule, which is reinforced by LIGAMENTS. Inside the capsule is a SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE which produces SYNOVIAL FLUID to lubricate the joint.

21. There are 3 types of joints: 1.IMMOVABLE 2.SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE 3.FREELY MOVEABLE OR SYNOVIAL There are 6 types of freely moveable or synovial joints in which we need to know 3 of them: BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS HINGE JOINTS e.g. knee PIVOT JOINT e.g. neck CONDYLOID e.g. wrist - Movement in 2 planes GLIDING e.g. ankle SADDLE e.g. thumb

23. CAN YOU PUT THE FOLLOWING JOINTS INTO THE ABOVE CATEGORIES AND NAME A SPORTING ACTION THAT USES THE JOINT ? HIP SHOULDER KNEE ELBOW NECK

25. WHAT SORT OF MOVEMENTS CAN BE DONE AT A JOINT ? FLEXION EXTENSION ABDUCTION ADDUCTION ROTATION CIRCUMDUCTION

35. CAN YOU NAME THESE MOVEMENTS?

47. Name each joint and the movement at it.