1. Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of The Upper Limb

2. Shoulder: Arm: Forearm: Hand: (27 bones) Clavicle Scapula Humerus
Ulna (M)
Radius (L)
Hand: (27 bones)
Carpal bones (8)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)

3. Clavicle “S” shaped bone (resilience)
medial 2/3 convex anteriorly , lateral 1/3 concave
Sternal end (rounded)  manubrium & 1st rib
Acromial end (flat)  acromion

4. importance of the clavicle:
Connects upper limb to axial skeleton (strut)
Protects neurovascular bundle that supply the upper limb
Transmits shocks from upper limb to axial skeleton

6. Fractures of Clavicle Common indirect impact to upper limb
Between middle & lateral thirds
Medial part  / lateral 
Shoulder drop
Medial rotation of humerus

8. Scapula (shoulder blade)
Triangular flat bone
Anterior (costal) surface
2nd – 7th ribs
Posterior (spinous) surface

9. Left Scapula (Posterior Aspect)
1.Coracoid Process
3. Superior border
4. Supraspinous Fossa
6. Scapular Spine
7.Medial border
8.Infraspinous Fossa
9.Inferior Angle
10.Lateral border
11.Glenoid Cavity Margin
12.Acromion Process

10. Clinical: Winged Scapula
Medial border of scapula hangs away from thoracic wall
1. Damage to serratus anterior m.
2. Injury to long thoracic n.
During fights

11. Humerus (brachial bone)
The arm bone
Articulates with:
Scapula (shoulder joint) 
Radius & Ulna (elbow joint)

12. Upper part
Head (1/3 of sphere)
Anatomical Neck
Lesser Tubercle
Intertubercular Groove
Greater Tubercle
Surgical Neck
Deltoid Tuberosity

13. Right Humerus, Lower part
1. Radial Fossa
2. Lateral Epicondyle
3. Capitulum
4. Trochlea
5. Medial Epicondyle
6. Coronoid Fossa
7. Olecranon Fossa

14. Humerus Fractures 1. Fracture of the surgical neck:
Common in elderly (osteoporosis)
due to falls down

15. 2. Transverse fracture of humerus shaft:
direct blow to the arm
displacement depends on relation to deltoid insertion
below deltoid tuberosity:
upper  laterally (deltoid)
lower  superiorly (biceps)
Above deltoid tuberosity: ??

16. 3. Supracondylar fracture:
fractures of the distal part of humerus
4. Fracture of medial epicondyle:
pulls the epicondyle inferiorly
weakness in fingers/hand flexion
injury to ulnar n.

17. Bones of The Forearm Radius: - Lateral bone of the forearm
- Articulations:
Humerus & Ulna 
Scaphoid & Lunate
- Shaft is convex lat. & wider below than above

18. Right Radius Head of Radius Neck of Radius Radial Tuberosity
Anterior
Posterior
Radius
Ulna
Head of Radius
Neck of Radius
Radial Tuberosity
Radius (Shaft)
Styloid Process

19. Stabilizing bone of forearm
Bones of The Forearm
Ulna:
- Medial bone of the forearm
- Articulations:
Humerus & Radius 
Radius
- Longer than Radius
Stabilizing bone of forearm

20. Right Ulna Olecranon Process Trochlear notch Coronoid Process
Anterior
Posterior
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon Process
Trochlear notch
Coronoid Process
Ulnar Tuberosity
Styloid Process

21. “dinner-fork deformity”
Fractures of Radius
Colles’ Fracture:
Fracture of distal end of the radius, where the distal fragment moves posteriorly & superiorly
due to falls on open hands
“dinner-fork deformity”
Smith’s Fracture:
Reversed ??

22. Proximal, middle & distal
Bones of The Hand
Carpal bones (8):
Proximal row (4) &
distal row (4)
Metacarpals (5):
Base, shaft & head
Phalanges:
Proximal, middle & distal
Thumb (Exception)

23. Carpals of proximal row: Scaphoid (boat) 2. Lunate (moon)
3. Triquetrum (3 cornered) Pisiform (pea)

24. 1. Trapezium (4-sided) 2. Trapezoid (wedge)
Carpals of distal row:
1. Trapezium (4-sided) 2. Trapezoid (wedge)
3. Capitate (large, with rounded head)
4. Hamate (hummer, hook process)

25. Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver’s Hand

26. Lower Limb Divided into 4 regions: Gluteal Region: hip bone
Thigh: femur
Leg: tibia & fibula
Foot: tarsals, metatarsals
& phalanges

27. Hip Bone Made up of 3 bones: ilium (flat) ischium (L) pubis (V)
Meet at the Acetabulum:
a socket where the femur head articulates to form the hip joint
Beneath the acetabulum is an opening:
“Obturator Foramen”
Posterior:
2 notches (greater & lesser sciatic notches)

29. ilium (L, flank= خاصرة) The largest part of hip bone
Consist of: body & wing (ala)
Has 4 spines (?)
The sup. Border of the wing:
Iliac crest (palpable)
Iliac crest extension?

30. Ischium (L-shaped) (G, socket) Forms inferoposterior part of hip bone
Consists of:
Body (joins?)
Ramus (joins?)
Spine
tuberosity

31. Pubis (V-shaped) Forms the ant. part of hip bone Consists of:
Body (articulates?)
Sup. & Inf. rami
Tubercle

33. Comparison of Female & Male Pelves
Pelvic Inlet ??
Pubic Arch
90o Vs. 90o
Pelvic Outlet
wide Vs. Narrow
Sacrum concavity

34. Femur longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body
Proximally: articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone forming the hip joint
Distally: articulate with the condyles of the tibia forming the knee joint

35. Surface Features of Femur
Head
Neck
Lesser trochanter
Greater trochanter
Shaft
Linea Aspera
Femoral Condyles

37. weight-bearing bone of the leg
Tibia
Tibia: L, flute
Located medially
weight-bearing bone of the leg
Surface features:
Tibial condyles
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus

38. Fibula Slender bone, smaller than tibia Located laterally Features:
Head
Lateral malleolus
Fibula is a common source of bone for grafting

39. Tarsal Bones 7 bones Talus (ankle= كاحل) Calcaneus (heel= كعب)
Navicular (little boat)
Medial Cuneiform (wedge-shape)
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
Cuboid