2.  Use your Notes  Define the following word on a piece of paper 1. Osseus 2. Porous 3. Axial 4. Cartilage 5. Circulation 6. Appendicular 7. Calcify 8. Brittle 9. Flexible 10. Sedentary

4. Structure and Function

5.  Made up of osseous tissue  What does osseous mean?  Have their own blood vessels and nerves allowing for circulation  Why is this important?  Growth and healing

6.  Cells  Osteoblasts:  bone building, bone repairing cells in the periosteum  Osteocytes:  osteoblast embedded within the bone matrix  Osteoclasts:  cells that cause absorption of bone

7.  Periostium  Dense, fibrous membrane covering bone  Contains blood vessels  Essential for bone cell survival and bone formation

8.  Support: body structure and shape, framework  Protect: vital organs  Storage: minerals calcium & phosphorus  Produce: blood cells  Movement: where muscles attach, allow flexibility when moved by muscles

9.  Long Bones  Longer than their width  Humerus  Radius  Ulna  Femur  Tibia  Fibula

11.  Short Bones  Length and width are nearly equal  Wrist and hands (carpals)  Ankle and feet (tarsals)

13.  Flat Bones  2 layers of bone divided by a narrow space  Skull  Sternum  Ribs  Shoulder Blade

15.  Irregular Bones  Don’t fit into the other categories  Face  Spine  Hip

17.  Axial  Pertaining to the central structures of the body  Skull  Vertebrae  Ribs and Sternum 80 bones

18.  Appendicular  Pertaining to any body part added to the axis  Arms  Legs  Hands  Feet  Pelvis 126 Bones

19.  How many bones are in the human body????  Axial + Appendicular = 206 bones

20.  Skeleton fully formed by 2 nd month of fetal development (all cartilage)  Ossification begins after 8 th week of fetal development  Childhood and adolescence: ossification exceeds bone loss  Early adulthood through middle age: ossification equals bone loss  After age 35: bone loss exceeds ossification ** Ossification – laying down of new bone tissue by osteoblasts

21.  Where 2 bones meet  Types are classified by the amount of movement allowed 1. Immovable - Cranium 2. Slightly moveable - Vertebral discs 3. Free moving - All appendicular joints

22.  Free Moving Joints  Hinge Joint  Ball and Socket Joint  Pivot Joint  Gliding Joint

23.  Connect bone to bone  ACL  PCL  MCL  LCL  UCL

24.  Connect muscle to bone  Patellar Tendon  Bicep Tendon

25.  Join one bone to another  Provide a surface for attachment of muscles  Create an opening for passage of blood vessels and nerves  Use as landmarks

26.  Process: bony prominence or projection  Condyle: a rounded knuckle-like prominence usually at a point of articulation  Epicondyle: small projection  Head: rounded articulating process at the end of a bone  Spine: a sharp, slender projection

27.  Tubercle: a small rounded process  Tuberosity: a large rounded process  Depression: a hollow-region or opening  Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening  Sulcus: a groove  Facet: a small area on a bone

28. Skull 22 Bones

29. Ear (12 Bones)

30. Ribs 12 pairs Attach posteriorly and anteriorly by costal cartilage Sternum

31. Vertebral Column (26 Bones)  Cervical - 7 bones  Thoracic – 12 bones  Lumbar – 5 bones  Sacral – 5 fused bones  Coccyx – 3 – 4 fused bones

32.  Shoulder Girdle  Clavicles (2): collar bones  Scapulas (2): shoulder blades

33.  Upper Extremities  Humerus: upper arm  Radius: thumb side of forearm  Ulna: little finger side of forearm  Carpals (8): wrist bones  Metacarpals (5): hand bones  Phalanges (14): finger bones

35.  Pelvic Girdle  Os Coxae (2): contains the acetabulum (hip socket)  3 components: ilium, ischium, pubis  Also, contains the saccrum

37.  Lower Extremities  Femur: thigh bone  Patella: kneecap  Tibia: shin bone  Fibula: lateral bone of lower leg  Tarsals (7) : ankle bones; talus and calcaneus  Metatarsals (5): foot bones  Phalanges (14): toe bones; great toe = halux

40.  Page 155  Figure 8.12  Draw and label in your notes  Add Oblique and Spiral after simple transverse  Page 153-154  Table 8.3  Copy the Conditions, their disorders, and their symptoms into your notes