1. Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures
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Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

2. Lesson 3.06 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures
What do you already know?
What are you here to learn?
Have your paper, pencil, calculator, and Periodic Table ready. . .

3. Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Determine how atoms will covalently bond together based on location on the periodic table.
Draw Lewis structures to model covalently bonded molecules.

4. Valence Electrons
How many valence electrons?

5. Covalent Bonding
Nonmetals share electrons to complete an octet (or duet):
Oxygen needs 2
for an octet
Hydrogen need 1
for a duet

6. Covalent Bonding
How many bonds are formed?

7. Multiple Bonds
If more electrons are needed, multiple pairs can be shared.
Oxygen shares two
pairs for a double bond

8. Multiple Bonds
Multiple bonds are stronger and shorter:

9. Review
Ionic bonds exist as formula units – electrons are transferred (Na+ or O2-) between a metal and a nonmetal
Covalent bonds form molecules – electrons are shared (NO2) between nonmetals
Polyatomic ions are groups of covalently bonded atoms with an ionic charge (CO32-)

10. Lewis Structures Steps 1. Least electronegative element in the center
2. Calculate total valence electrons
3. Write skeleton structure
4. Complete valence electrons
5. Compare totals
6. Distribute electrons

11. Lewis Structures CO2 1. C 2. 4 + 2(6) = 16 3. 4. erase 4 around C
(6) = 16 3.
erase 4 around C
– 4 = 16 move electrons to
form double bonds

12. Lewis Structures HCN 1. C 2. 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 3. 4. erase 4 around C
= 10 3.
erase 4 around C
– 4 = 10 move electrons to
form a triple bond

13. Lewis Structures
NH4+
1. N
(1) -1 = 8 3.
4. done
5. 8

14. Lewis Structures
H2O 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

15. Lewis Structures
NH3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

16. Lewis Structures
CH4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

17. Activity

18. Pre-Lab Research

19. Virtual Lab

20. Virtual Lab

21. Submit Educator students
Blackboard students: Virtual Lab or hands-on lab

22. 3.06B Intermolecular Forces
Educator: Submit into Blackboard: Do the virtual lab or this one

23. 3.06B Intermolecular Forces

24. Water

25. Ammonia

26. Methane

27. Carbon Dioxide

28. 3.06B Intermolecular Forces

29. Submit
Educator: Submit into Blackboard: if doing hands-on lab, submit into 3.06