1. Introduction to limbs
Sanjaya Adikari
Department of Anatomy

2. Main topics covered Skeleton
Superficial nerves/veins – only the important ones
Dermatomes
Muscle compartments – attachment & action of muscle groups and their innervation
Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus

3. Main topics….
Special regions: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel, snuff box, femoral triangle, cubital fossa, gluteal region etc.
Joints with ligaments
Arterial anastomoses
Lymph drainage

4. Skeleton Axial Appendicular Skull Vertebral column & ribs Limb girdles
Bones of the limbs

5. Upper limb

6. Skeleton Shoulder/pectoral girdle Arm (humerus) (radius, ulna)
(carpal bones)
(metacarpals, phalanges)
Fore arm
Wrist
Hand

7. Superficial veins & nerves

8. Dermatomes

9. Muscles of the shoulder
Flexors
Extensors
Internal/medial rotators
External/ lateral rotators
Abductors
Adductors

10. Compartments of the right arm
Anterior
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
N: musculocutaneous
C5, C6
Posterior
Triceps
N: Radial nerve
C7, C8

11. Contents of the right arm compartments

12. Compartments of the right forearm
Pronator teres……….
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

13. Brachial plexus

14. Axilla Anterior wall Posterior wall Medial wall Lateral wall Apex
Transverse section
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Apex
Floor

15. Cubital fossa

16. Anterior aspect of wrist
Median and ulnar nerves
Radial and ulnar arteries
Tendons of flexor muscles
Flexor retinaculum

17. Carpal tunnel
Palmar branch of median nerve

18. Anatomical snuffbox

19. Hand
Dorsum
Palm

20. Joints with ligaments

21. Anastomosis around the elbow
Arterial anastomoses
Anastomosis around the elbow
Scapular anastomosis

22. Axillary lymph nodes supraclavicular apical lateral central posterior
To thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
supraclavicular
apical
lateral
central
posterior
anterior

23. Lower limb

24. Skeleton Pelvic girdle Thigh (femur) (tibia, fibula) (tarsal bones)
(metatarsals,
phalanges)
Leg
Ankle
Foot

25. Skeleton of the foot

26. Superficial veins & nerves

27. Posterior arch vein

28. Adductor canal perforator
Below knee perforator
Upper medial perforator
Lateral perforator
Middle medial perforator
Lower medial perforator
Level of medial malleolus

29. Dermatomes

30. Fascia Lata

31. Femoral sheath

32. Compartments of the right thigh
Fascia lata

33. Innervation Anterior compartment Femoral nerve Medial compartment
Obturator nerve
Posterior compartment
Sciatic nerve

34. Compartments of the right leg

35. Innervation Anterior compartment Deep peroneal nerve
Lateral compartment
Superficial peroneal nerve
Posterior compartment
Tibial nerve

36. Lumbosacral plexus

37. Femoral triangle

38. Gluteal region

39. Popliteal fossa Right SeMem SeTend Biceps Popliteal surface of femur
Gastroc
Gastroc
Popliteus muscle

40. Foot
Dorsum
Sole

41. Arches of the foot Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch:

42. Joints with ligaments Ligaments at the ankle
Ligaments at the knee joint

43. Trochanteric & Cruciate anastomoses

44. Inguinal lymph nodes Deep inguinal nodes Superficial inguinal nodes
Vertical group
Horizontal group