1. Environmental Controls I/IG Lecture 10 Passive Thermal Systems

2. Genius Loci + Microclimate + Vernacular Precedent = Architectural form as an environmental control system

3. Passive Thermal Systems Genius Loci Environmental Forces Earth Wind Fire Water

4. Passive Thermal Systems Earth Contact Thermal mass Thermal mass Wind shelter Wind shelter Solar exposure Solar exposure

5. Passive Thermal Systems Earthlike forms Thermal mass Wind shelter Solar “canyons ” Marriot Library Salt Lake City, Utah

6. Passive Thermal Systems Earth-based materials Adobe, Brick, Stone Natural material source Thermal mass Locally available Traditional and modern uses

7. Passive Thermal Systems Earthscaping Natural materials Shelter/screening Locally available

8. Passive Thermal Systems Wind Wind Tower Wind scoop Evaporative cooling Thermal mass cooling

9. Passive Thermal Systems Wind Warm air rises Attic ventilation Solar chimneys

10. Passive Thermal Systems Fire Solar chimney Morse-Libby Mansion Portland, Maine

11. Passive Thermal Systems Wind Air movement affects comfort Cross ventilation provides cooling

12. Passive Thermal Systems Fire Solar Angles Summer & Winter solstices Verdant and Autumnal equinoxes

13. Passive Thermal Systems Fire Skin Surface Effects Color Reflectivity Position

14. Passive Thermal Systems Fire Skin Thermal Mass Increasing thermal mass delays heat penetration

15. Passive Thermal Systems Fire Interior Solar Control Interior shading reduces depth of solar penetration but still admits heat

16. Fire Site Solar Control Evergreen trees fairly constant Deciduous trees vary seasonally Passive Thermal Systems

17. Fire Exterior Solar Control Sheltered openings (apertures )

18. Water Evapotranspiration Landscaping elements provide moisture Passive Thermal Systems

19. Water Interior plantings can give off/trap moisture Use according to local climate Passive Thermal Systems

20. Water Evaporative cooling Water features add to evaporative cooling (but increase humidity) Passive Thermal Systems

21. Water Air directed over or through water can provide cooling Use according to local climate Passive Thermal Systems

22. Microclimate Exist naturally Building and landscaping can create micro- climates both indoors and outdoors Passive Thermal Systems

23. Microclimate Fountain, recesses, and channeled breezes provide cooling Building controls exposure to onshore winds SF School of Design San Francisco, CA Passive Thermal Systems

24. Microclimate Evaporative cooling Building exposed to surrounding landscape Pool, overhangs, and channeled breezes provide cooling Taliesin West Phoenix, AZ Passive Thermal Systems

25. Vernacular Precedents Drawn from Genius Loci Can be adapted to contemporary design

26. Passive Thermal Systems Genius Loci + Microclimate + Vernacular Precedent = Architectural form as an environmental control system