1. RESPONSE TO SHELTER CRISIS APRIL 2009

2. INTRODUCTION In July 2006, Lebanon was the target of a devastating war led by Israel In July 2006, Lebanon was the target of a devastating war led by Israel The cost of the reconstruction was estimated to US$ 2.8 billions while compensation for the housing sector was estimated to 1.4 billion. The cost of the reconstruction was estimated to US$ 2.8 billions while compensation for the housing sector was estimated to 1.4 billion. South Lebanon witnessed the heaviest bombing: more than 130,000 dwelling units were affected. South Lebanon witnessed the heaviest bombing: more than 130,000 dwelling units were affected.

3. Housing Damage Assessment in Southern Lebanon Totally Destroyed Partially Destroyed Severely Damaged Totally Affected Number of units 13,1082,180115,139130,427 Source: CoS as of 11-01-2008 The shelter sector reconstruction cannot be sustainable without a strategic reconstruction plan promoting governance, while focusing on socio-economic development, environmental protection and urban expansion management.

4. STAKEHOLDERS RESPONSE INTERVENTIONS

5. 1- The Government Shelter Reconstruction Plan Severity of Damage Ceiling Amount USD Remarks Totally Destroyed 40,0002 installments (50%-50%) Shelter reconstruction USD 30, 000 Furniture USD 10,000 Partially Destroyed 28,0002 Installments. First payment around USD 6,600 Severely Damaged 13,3332 installments unless damages are less than USD 6,600 Partially Damaged 3,3331 installment. The main objective of the GoL national recovery and reconstruction plan was to ensure a safe and prompt return of the displaced to their towns and villages.

6. 2- Shelter Working Group As soon as hostilities started, an emergency shelter cluster was established. Cluster meetings were co- chaired by the CoS and UN-HABITAT and took place on weekly basis in Beirut and Southern Lebanon in order to provide shelter assistance. As soon as hostilities started, an emergency shelter cluster was established. Cluster meetings were co- chaired by the CoS and UN-HABITAT and took place on weekly basis in Beirut and Southern Lebanon in order to provide shelter assistance. The shelter cluster operation focuses on: The shelter cluster operation focuses on: coordinating the various interventions. coordinating the various interventions. Identifying gaps and unmet needs. Identifying gaps and unmet needs. Tracking government housing compensations. Tracking government housing compensations.

7. At first, the shelter cluster interventions focused on: ► winterization activities (Waterproofing) ► winterization activities (Waterproofing) ►cash for repair partially damaged houses. ►cash for repair partially damaged houses. The second stage saw a shift in shelter intervention: ► From quick repair to sustainable recovery and reconstruction ► From quick repair to sustainable recovery and reconstruction

8. 3- Stakeholders Governmental Organizations Governmental Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Private Consulting Firm (Khatib & Alami) Private Consulting Firm (Khatib & Alami) UN agencies and mainly UN-Habitat UN agencies and mainly UN-Habitat Donor Countries Donor Countries Local Authorities Local Authorities

9. SHELTER RECONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY

10. 1- Challenges and Gaps Financial Challenges: Delays in the compensation disbursements due to the long administrative procedures. Financial Challenges: Delays in the compensation disbursements due to the long administrative procedures. Legal Challenges: Absence of reconstruction regulatory framework Legal Challenges: Absence of reconstruction regulatory framework Technical Challenges: Technical Challenges: Lack Proper Urban Planning Rules and regulations Lack Proper Urban Planning Rules and regulations Inaccurate Documentation of housing Inaccurate Documentation of housing  Management Challenges: Absence of a defined plan and poor community awareness and know-how  Governance Challenges: Governance challenges require the continued search for peace, security, political stability, transparency, decentralization, equity, participation, reform in local development strategies, etc.  Socio-economic Challenges: Poverty, unemployment, migration, etc.

11. 2- Strategic Fields of Intervention The shelter sector recovery plan main objective was to meet two categories of needs: The shelter sector recovery plan main objective was to meet two categories of needs: The short term or immediate needs: ensuring a prompt and safe return of displaced people The short term or immediate needs: ensuring a prompt and safe return of displaced people The Long term needs: ensuring the sustainability of the shelter reconstruction. The Long term needs: ensuring the sustainability of the shelter reconstruction.  The fundamental challenge is to reconcile between the short term and long term needs in order to bridge the gap between the two categories of goals and ensure a sustainable reconstruction.

12. Socio-Economic Field: Livelihood Support A vital local economy is one of the key elements in sustainable recovery and development in South Lebanon. Employment generation programs must be put in place in order to link relief, development and reconstruction. Employment generation programs must be put in place in order to link relief, development and reconstruction. Promoting sustainable economic development consists in creating new dynamics by developing existing activities or investing in high added value sectors. Promoting sustainable economic development consists in creating new dynamics by developing existing activities or investing in high added value sectors. These action plans should focus on SMI and SME and on promoting gender equity. These action plans should focus on SMI and SME and on promoting gender equity.

13. Investments should be oriented towards: Alternative Agriculture Alternative Agriculture Organic Agriculture Organic Agriculture Food Processing Industry Food Processing Industry Aquaculture in Coastal Cities Aquaculture in Coastal Cities Tourism Tourism

14. Urban Planning Field The urban fabric in South Lebanon is anarchic. Interventions in the urban planning field should include the following: Managing the urbanization and avoiding the proliferation of informal settlements Managing the urbanization and avoiding the proliferation of informal settlements Integration of the informal settlement Integration of the informal settlement Surveying the villages that were not included in the ministry of finance plan Surveying the villages that were not included in the ministry of finance plan Highlighting on the identity of historical cities Highlighting on the identity of historical cities Protecting and preserving the agricultural areas Protecting and preserving the agricultural areas Solving the squatted public domain problems. Solving the squatted public domain problems.

15. Environmental Field The environmental degradation is accelerated and Compromises the shelter reconstruction sustainability. There is an emergency to recourse to: Protecting agricultural plains from urban expansion Protecting agricultural plains from urban expansion Protecting spring and underground water and littoral from pollution Protecting spring and underground water and littoral from pollution Fighting against soil degradation Fighting against soil degradation Implementing a solid waste management plan. Implementing a solid waste management plan. Switching to renewable energy solutions Switching to renewable energy solutions

16. Governance Field The principles of good governance are key elements for sustainable development and crisis mitigation and management. Empowering Community Organizations and NGOs Empowering Community Organizations and NGOs Reinforcing Public Institutions Reinforcing Public Institutions Developing Local Governments capacities Developing Local Governments capacities Insuring all stakeholders involvement Insuring all stakeholders involvement

17. Security Field Security conditions in South Lebanon represent a major threat to shelter sustainability: Unexploded cluster bombs Unexploded cluster bombs Risk of another war Risk of another war

18. 3- Targets Optimization Decision-makers, the GoL and municipalities can contribute to the target optimization through the following initiatives: Promotion of subsidized micro-credit policies Promotion of subsidized micro-credit policies Reform inside the fiscal and financial systems Reform inside the fiscal and financial systems Implication of repatriated capitals in the development strategies while stimulating their reinvestment in productive sectors. Implication of repatriated capitals in the development strategies while stimulating their reinvestment in productive sectors. Increasing population awareness about socio- economic, urban planning, environmental, governance and security issues. Increasing population awareness about socio- economic, urban planning, environmental, governance and security issues.

19. Thank you