1. Native Texans

2. Answer in complete sentences!!!
Warm up: ISN pg. 20
Answer in complete sentences!!!
Describe the geographic location of your town.
How does your lifestyle reflect the location in which you live?
List customs and traditions in your family?

3. Native Texans Vocabulary
Define & illustrate the following:
prehistoric
culture
extinction
civilization
social structure
nomads
adobe
treaties
descendants

4. Native Texan Notes
Before 1519, the natives who lived in what we now call Texas were mainly nomads (people who had to travel to locate their food).
Most followed the buffalo herds , so their homes were easy to move such as teepees.
A few tribes, especially the Caddoes, had learned to farm so they were able to have permanent villages with structured governments and religions.

5. Native Texan Notes Everything changed when the Spanish came.
Some tribes actually became extinct.
They brought European diseases such as small pox that killed hundreds of thousands of natives in the New World.
Buffalo were hunted almost to extinction also caused the decline of the Native Texans.
Some natives became slaves to the Spanish explorers and missionaries.

6. Native Texan Notes
The Spanish and later the settlers from the United States began to claim ownership of tribal land, pushing the natives further west.
By the end of the 1800’s, there were very few native Texans left in Texas because they were forced from their land onto reservations.

7. Native Americans in Texas Before 1850

9. Assignment: Create a sensory figure depicting a Native Texan.
I hear
I see
I say
I am holding
I feel (emotionally)

10. Karankawas Area Settled Religion Clothing Food Interesting Fact
Shelter

11. Coahuiltecans Area Settled Religion Clothing Food Interesting Fact
Shelter

12. Comanches
Area
Settled
Religion
Clothing
Food
Interesting Fact
Shelter

13. Kiowas
Area
Settled
Religion
Clothing
Food
Interesting Fact
Shelter

14. Caddoes
Area
Settled
Religion
Clothing
Food
Interesting Fact
Shelter

15. Coahuiltecans
Area Settled: From Galveston Bay to Rio Grande and west to San Antonio
Shelter: Huts made of willow branches covered with mats and hides
Food: nuts, berries, seeds, insects, worms, lizards, fish, deer, rabbit, snakes
Clothing:
Men – Breechcloths
Women – skirts made of buckskin
Both – robes made of rabbit or coyote & sandals from fiber
Religion:
Shaman–Spiritual leader; Mitote–Thanksgiving type festival
Interesting fact: Supported themselves by becoming hunters & gatherers due to dry climate in southern Texas
Ko.ah.weel.tay.cunz
Living such a harsh lifestyle made them tough & had great endurance
Could run all day without tiring
Crazy..observed eating deer poop
Karankawas
Very gentle w/children & loved dogs
Men played on beach naked

16. Karankawas Area Settled: On coast from Galveston to Corpus Christi)
Shelter: Huts made of willow-tree poles covered with mats and hides
Food: Due to geographic location, they ate Fish, shellfish, turtles & water fowl
Clothing:
Men – no clothing in summer, animal hides in winter
Women – skirts made of deer hide & shawls made of Spanish moss
Religion: Mitote festivals
Interesting facts:
Smeared alligator fat on bodies to keep the mosquitos away.
Mitote festival….Men drank a tea made from the yaupon tree and if a woman walked by while it was brewing it was thought to be contaminated and thrown away
Had to cope with swarms of mosquitoes
They wore alligator or shark grease
Women did most of the hard work
Men had peirced lower lips
Used canoes made from hollowing a log

17. Spanish Explorer, Cabeza de Vaca described the Karankawas:
(Good example of a Primary Source)
“The people there are tall and well built. Their only weapons are bows and arrows, with which they are very skillful. The men have their lower lip pierced and wear a piece of cane in it half a finger in diameter. Their women do the hard work.”

18. Kiowas Area settled: North Texas – Upper Great Plains Region
Shelter: Teepees covered with buffalo hides
Food: Buffalo, wild plants, nuts, berries, small animals, deer, antelope
Clothing:
Men – breechcloths, moccasins, leggings
Women – deerskin dresses & high moccasins
Religion: Sun dance lasting 3-4 days with no food water or sleep. Sun was their main god. Plants & animals believed to have powers. Dreams & visions important
Interesting fact: Men cut hair short on right side and grew it long on left.
Kee.uh.was
Comanches & Kiowas joined together on the high plains to drive the Apaches from their territories. Together they kicked bootie!
Painted pictures of important events on their tepees
Made beautiful beaded crafts
Developed a calendar
Master horse riders
Most feared native groups on the plains

19. Comanches Area settled: North/Central Texas (Great Plains & Panhandle)
Shelter: Teepees covered with buffalo hides
Food: Buffalo, bears, wolves, elk, nuts, berries, grapes, wild plants, traded or stole corn or squash
Clothing:
Men – breechcloths, leggings, buffalo robes
Women – Finely decorated buckskin dresses
Religion: Fierce Warriors, expert horsemen and marksmen, painted faces & bodies in battle
Comanche warriors were such skilled riders..they could ride full speed with one leg hanging over the horses side.
This shielded him from enemy fire & he could shoot arrows from under the horses neck.
20 arrows per minute!
Known as lords of the plain
Very accurate
Some could with enough force to send it all the way thru a buffalo’s body!

20. When European settlers arrived in Texas, many Native Texans were forced to move from their traditional homelands. Sometimes, these migrations led to serious conflicts with other Native American groups. Over time, these conflicts could lead to deadly wars, turning neighboring groups into dreaded enemies. The Apaches, Comanches, and Kiowas came to Texas from the north. Why might groups like these leave their homelands and move somewhere else?

21. Caddoes – Most advanced Group
Area Settled: East Texas Piney Woods
Shelter: Sturdy cone shaped homes woven with leather strapping covered in grass and mud
Food: Farmers – corn, squash, pumpkins, pecans , beans, deer, hogs, bear, fish
Clothing: Made of smooth buckskin
Men – breechcloths & leggings
Women – sleeveless tops & long fringed skirts
Religion: Chief was high priest. Temple was on top of mounds with a sacred fire
Interesting facts:
Expert Farmers due to crop rotation. (prevented soil from wearing out.)
Built complex societies because the forests provided timber to build permanent dwellings
Most Civilized
Larges ETX native group
Caddi – major chief…led war councils
Olde t women in each family controlled entire family – eve nif men were chiefs or warriors

22. The rich soil of East Texas made it possible to grow crops
The rich soil of East Texas made it possible to grow crops. Agriculture led to the establishment of permanent villages like this Caddo community. How did permanent villages change the lives of East Texas natives?

23. Interesting Tid-Bit HOW TEXAS GOT ITS NAME
The individual Caddoan groups that joined together in the Hasinai Confederacy called each other Tayshas (TAY•sahs), which means “friends.” Spanish explorers, who pronounced the word “Tejas” (TAY•hahs), referred to the entire area as the “land of the Tejas.” This was later shortened to Tejas, which became Texas, the name of our state.
Interesting Tid-Bit

24. Native Texan Mural Directions: Use Drawings only to answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper.
HOMES
What type of settlements / homes did your Native Texan group live in?
LOCATION IN TEXAS
Where in Texas did your Native Texan group live?
Draw the shape of Texas. Color and label the area of Texas the group lived in.
What other Native Texan tribe lived in this region.
FOOD SOURCE
Was your Native Texan group nomadic or farmers?
What kind of foods did the group eat?
TOOLS / WEAPONS
What kind of technology did your group have? (weapons, etc.)
What types of tools did the group use?