1. Duck and Cover Fallout Shelters Rosenberg Trial

2.  After the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, the American public was understandably nervous. They were aware of the destruction that individual atomic bombs did to the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but the general public did not know a lot yet about the dangers of radiation and fallout.

3.  So, a new Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was set up in 1951 to educate – and reassure – the country that there were ways to survive an atomic attack from the Soviet Union.  One of their approaches was to involve schools. Teachers in selected cities were encouraged to conduct air raid drills where they would suddenly yell, "Drop!" and students were expected to kneel down under their desks with their hands clutched around their heads and necks.

4.  Some schools even distributed metal "dog tags," like those worn by World War II soldiers, so that the bodies of students could be identified after an attack.

5.  The next logical step was to promote these "preparedness" measures around the country, and the FCDA decided the best way to do that was to commission an educational film that would appeal to children. In 1951, the agency awarded a contract for the production to a New York firm known as Archer Films. ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =IKqXu-5jw60

6.  A fallout shelter is a civil defense measure intended to reduce casualties in a nuclear war.  It is designed to allow those inside it to avoid exposure to harmful fallout from a nuclear blast and its likely aftermath of radiation until radioactivity has dropped to a safer level.  A basic fallout shelter consists of shielding that reduces gamma-ray exposure.

7.  Since the most dangerous fallout has the consistency of sand or finely ground pumice, a successful fallout shelter need not filter fine dust from air. The fine dust both emits relatively little radiation and does not settle to the earth, where the fallout shelter exists.  Concrete, bricks, earth, and sand are some of the materials that are dense or heavy enough to provide fallout protection.

9.  The federal government recommended that fallout shelters be placed in a basement or buried in the backyard. The idea was to get as much mass as possible between survivors, the detonation, and its after- effects. Shelter types were: expedience, personal or family, community, multipurpose, and hidden.  Ventilation in the shelter was provided by a hand-cranked blower attached by a pipe to a filter mechanism on the surface. By turning the crank, the shelter would be ventilated with fresh air filtered to keep out radioactive particles.

10.  Turn paper over and create “dog tags” as if you had to wear them in school like during the Cold War.  Then answer this question: How did the scare of an atomic bomb influence American lives? (3-5 sentences)  Read and complete Rosenberg Trial packet. (Pocket 12)