1. Case Study-Xylitol

3. Result Book Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2007 18e. –possible sources of evidences 2004-2006 Review Dental caries. Lancet 369:51-9 2007 Infect Dis Clin North Am 2007; 21(2): 471-502 –possible sources of evidences 2006-2007 Patient Education Early childhood caries, Dental cavities, Radiography, Dental

5. Rampant caries (early childhood caries) in 3 yr old child

6. Basic Dental Anatomy

7. Diagnosis (iceberg metaphor)

8. Caries Process

10. Clinical Presentations

11. Clinical Implications

13. Patient Education

14. Case - Clinician 張小妹，六歲，喜歡 吃糖但卻滿口蛀口。

15. Ask P: children/adults (with dental caries) I: chewing gum with xylitol C: chewing gum without xylitol O: incidence of dental decay Type of Question: therapy Keyword: –Dental caries –xylitol

16. Acquire / Search 2007

17. Search - xylitol dental caries 2009

18. Acquire / Search 2009 xylitol dental caries xylitol 2007 2009

19. Advanced Search - Article Type Cochrane — thoes found in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Trials — Narrows you search to articles containing information about Clinical Trials, Randomized Control Trials, and similar articles.

20. 2005 2004 2007 2008

21. 等級等級 治療診斷預後病因 I 第 II 級證據的系統回顧 (systematic review) II 隨機對照 試驗 由連續或隨機 取樣組成的橫 斷面研究 前瞻性起始 世代研究 前瞻性 世代研究 LOE: Level of Evidence (Oxford)

22. LOE (GRADE)GRADE 評分方式：結合 研究方法 ，研究品質，一致性，相關性 高（ high ） = further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect 中（ moderate ） = further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate 低（ low ） = further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate 極低（ very low ） = any estimate of effect is very uncertain The GRADE Working Group - http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/

23. Apply ?