1. Unorganised Drugs

2. Unorganised drugs can be classified into:
Resins and resin combinations.
Gums.
Dried latices.
Dried juices.
Dried extracts.
Oils and fats.

3. I. RESINS AND RESIN COMBINATIONS
I.I. RESINS
General Characters:
-Hard, solid or semisolid, amorphous organic substance of complex nature.
-Insoluble in water, mostly insoluble in petroleum ether, but dissolve more or less completely in alcohol, chloroform, ether and in many of the organic solvents as well as in fixed and volatile oils and in chloral hydrate.
-Upon heating, soften and finally melt. They burn with a smoky flame.

4. Resins occur in plants either:
1. Alone as in Guaiacum
2. Commonly associated with volatile oils as in oleo-resins e.g. Turpentine and Copaiba.
3. Associated with gums as in gum-resins.
4. Associated with oil and gum as in oleo-gum-resins e.g. Myrrh and Asafetida.
5. Combined in a glycosidal manner with sugars as in Jalap.

5. GUMMIRESINA MYRRHA المر
Botanical Origin: Myrrh is an oleo-gum-resin, obtained from the stems and branches of Commiphora molmol .
Geographical Source: Forests in the Red Sea districts of northern Africa, western Arabia and Somalia.
Preparation:
-The oleo-gum-resin, which is at first yellowish-white, is formed in schizogenous secretion reservoirs in the bark and pith. It exudes spontaneously through natural fissures in the bark and through induced incisions. After hardening, it becomes brownish-yellow to reddish-brown and is collected.
-There are two principal commercial varieties of Myrrh; one is known as African or Somali Myrrh and the other is the Arabian or Yemen Myrrh. The former is considered the better.

6. Myrrh oleo-gum resin
Myrrh gum
Myrrh gum tears

7. II. GUMS
Gums are amorphous, transparent solids, insoluble in alcohol and in most organic solvent but are, however, soluble in water, yielding viscous, usually adhesive colloidal solutions or are swollen by the absorption of water into a jelly-like mass e.g. gum tragacanth.
-Gums are yielded by trees and shrubs belonging to a number of families, but especially Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sterculiaceae and others.
-They are abnormal products, resulting from pathological conditions brought about either by injury or by unfavorable conditions of growth and are usually formed by changes in existing cell walls.

8. GUAR GUMصمغ الجوار Description:
It exists as white to yellowish-white powder. and when examined in water mount, it rapidly swells forming a translucent suspension.
Uses and Actions:
Guar is available as an oral hypoglycemic; it produces changes in gastric emptying and in the gastrointestinal transition time, which can delay absorption of sugars in the gut.
Guar also lowers cholesterol levels, possibly by binding bile salts in the gut.
The gum , 5-6 times the thickening power of starch, is used in food industry.

9. III-DRIED EXTRACTS
This group includes drugs which are prepared by evaporating the aqueous decoction from parts of certain plants or animals. Examples of dried extracts are the following drugs:
1. Agar
2. Gelatin
3. Gambir or catechu

10. Uses and Action: Agar Solubility:
Agar is insoluble in cold water but soluble in hot water. A 1% solution may be made by boiling with water and a stiff jelly separates from this on cooling.
Uses and Action:
-Agar is used in the preparation of culture media, as an emulsifying agent, suspending agent, for suppositories and surgical lubricants.
-It is used in treatment of constipation: it swells in water and increases the moisture of stool thus producing the laxative effect.

11. IV- Dried Juices Botanical Origin: ALOES صبر
Juices are fluidly plant saps containing dissolved substances and usually present in plant special structures like cells.
ALOES صبر
Botanical Origin:
Aloes is the solid residue obtained by evaporation of the liquid which drains from transversely cut leaves of several species of Aloes (Fam. Liliaceae). The juice is usually concentrated by boiling and solidifies on cooling.

12. Different species of Aloe