1. Chemotaxis Pathway How can physics help? Davi Ortega

2. Summary Vocabulary –Pathway, Proteins, Peptides, Amino acids. –Genome, Sequences, Multiple Alignment. Bacteria (E. Coli) –Chemotaxis pathway. –Motility, Substances gradient recognition. The proteins interaction problem –CheA, CheW and MCP Methods and Evidences –Multiple Alignment –Docking –Molecular Dynamics. Conclusions

3. Vocabulary Amino Acids –In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha- amino acids with the general formula NH2CHRCOOH. In Biology 20 Amino Acids Identified by three Letter code or one Letter Code Classified by biochemistry properties: Polar, Hydrophobic and Charged

4. Vocabulary Peptides –Chain of Amino Acids connected by the peptide bonds …FSEK…

5. Vocabulary Proteins –Chain of Amino Acids that when folded execute a biological function.

6. Vocabulary Pathway –Set of protein that works cooperatively with the same objective

7. Vocabulary Genome: the whole hereditary information encoded on the DNA Sequence: Sequence of the amino acids decoded from the DNA. Multiple Alignment: Alignment of different sequences of the same protein. Constant probability of mutations at any Residue. Conserved residues must be extremely important to the biological function

8. E. Coli Chemotaxis pathway –Senses the external environment and actuates on the motility system

9. Bacteria Flagella Motility

10. Movie

11. The interaction problem The structures of CheA, CheW and MCP

12. The interaction problem The same organism has several CheA, CheW and MCP. –How do they interact!? –How do they cluster? –What kind of signal is transmitted? –Which CheA interacts with which CheW and MCPs ?

13. Methods: Multiple Alignment CheA CheWMCP

14. 3D Structures & Molecular Dynamics Molecular Dynamics –Force Field techniques. 3D Structures are snapshots –Few structures available –Need to have energy minimized –Simulation with non zero temperature.

15. Docking (by biochemistry and sequences) Based on affinity of amino acids. –1) Define the contacts aminoacids –2) Produce a score based on the affinity for each sequence. –3) Score the possible matches –4) Select the best scores.

16. Conclusion Chemotaxis Pathway: Interactions between proteins are still a open problem Physics, Biology (and Genomics), Chemistry and Computation can solve the mystery. Solutions can leads to better antibiotics or bioengineering bacteria to increase biofuel efficiency.