1. General Laboratory Safety Dr. Mohamed Abd-Elhakeem Eman Rashid Yosra Elbanaa

2. Why does it matter? Safe working protects: You Other lab workers Cleaners Visitors Your work

3. What are the general hazards in a laboratory? Fire Breakage of glassware Sharps Spillages Pressure equipment & gas cylinders Extremes of heat & cold Chemical hazards And many more!

4. General Safety Rules 1. Listen to or read instructions carefully before attempting to do anything. 2. Notify your teacher if any spills or accidents occur.

5. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).

6. General Safety Rules 3.After handling chemicals, always wash your hands with soap and water. 4. During lab work, keep your hands away from your face. 5. Keep your work area uncluttered. Take to the lab station only what is necessary.

7. X

8. General Safety Rules 6. Never put anything into your mouth during a lab experiment. 7. Clean up your lab area at the conclusion of the laboratory period. 8. Never “horse around” or play practical jokes in the laboratory.

9. 10. Never eat, drink or smoke in a laboratory 11. Never apply cosmetics 12. Never touch your face, mouth or eyes 13. Never suck pens or chew pencils 14. Always wash your hands before you leave and especially before eating

10. Glassware Safety Chipped or cracked glassware should not be used. Show it to the teacher. z When pouring liquids into glassware, make sure the container you are pouring into is resting on a table at least a hands breadth from the edge.

11. Glassware Safety 4. Do not place hot glassware in water. Rapid cooling may make it shatter.

12. Chemicals Hazard

13. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).

14. Hazard or Risk? This is a HAZARD

15. Hazards may cause a Risk to health or lab. This is a RISK

16. Hazard means the potential to cause injury or illness and can apply to substances, methods or machines Risk means the probability and consequences of occurrence of injury or illness.

17. Reduce the Hazard When you know that you are dealing with a hazard, you can take action to reduce the risk.

18. You can substitute the hazard by something less hazardous Substitute

19. Control

20. 20 Understand the Hazards! Know how you can reduce the risk. Know how you can manage the lab Key to Working Safely

21. Chemicals are the most common and significant health hazards Chemicals can be hazardous for numerous reasons and can combine with other chemicals to make new hazards

22. 22 Flammable: catches fire easily and burns rapidly Explosive: will explode / detonate releasing hot gases Oxidizer: Chemicals that react with other substances can result in fire or explosion Water reactive - reacts with water to release flammable gas, causes fire or presents a health hazard Types of chemical hazards

23. 23 Irritant: can cause inflammation of skin or eyes Reproductive toxin: could have harmful effect on male or female reproductive system or on developing fetus Corrosive: cause irreversible damage to living tissue.

24. Carcinogen: cause cancer or suspected to cause cancer Harmful Capable of causing health problems after larger or long-term exposures Toxic - Capable of causing death or serious health problems after exposure.

25. Mutagenic: Capable of changing DNA and cause mutation.

26. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).

27. Copyright  Progressive Business Publications Health hazards Headaches, rashes and burns Respiratory problems or lung damage Kidney and liver damage Reproductive damage Cancer Death

28. Hazard symbols Toxic Biologically hazard Corrosive

29. OxidizerFlammable Explosive

30. X Irritant

31. National Fire Protection Association Hazard Classification 0 2 4

32. Chemical Hazards All chemicals have a hazard effect on our body, but they different in the minimal amount to show the obvious effect

33. Acids All acids are corrosive due to their ability to absorb water from tissues.

34. Also acid’s vapors irritate the respiratory tract and cause lung cancer. Acids react with metal to release flammable hydrogen gas

35. Bases Potassium hydroxide: Appearance: hygroscopic white pellets Toxic, Corrosive. Ammonia: 33% Clear, colorless liquid Toxic, Corrosive, strong irritating odor.

36. Solids Solid chemicals have the lowest risk due to their low mobility and non-volatility. Highly toxic solids Arsenic compounds Inorganic cyanides Mercury compounds Selenium and its compounds

37. Ethanol hazards Ethanol is a highly flammable and harmful substance. If ingested, it may be fatal and may cause eye damage, nausea, dizziness, headache and central nervous system depression. Ethanol may be absorbed through the skin. Ethanol is a volatile liquid its vapors can irritate the eyes.

38. Treat all chemicals in the lab as toxic substances. Keep them off your skin and clothes

39. Inhalation Ingestion Absorption: Skin Injection How Chemicals Enter Your Body

40. Safe yourself Wear: Lab’s coat must cover shoulders, frontal area, and extend approximately 6" below the waist Safety Goggles Gloves Closed-toed shoes Face mask if volatile material used Clothing made of natural based fiber such as cotton

41. Tie back long hair Keep your hands away from your face during the lab and wash your hands at end of the lab Do NOT Wear: Sandals Jewelry Loose or Baggy clothing Contact lenses

42. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).

43. Requirements Lab’s coat Safety goggles Gloves. Dust masks or respirators Hand cleaner Labels Marker pen Pipette filler.

44. First Aid 1. Inhalation : Move victim to fresh air and give respiratory aid if needed. 2. Eyes contact: Don’t rub the eyes. Hold eyelids open and flush with water for 15 minutes

45. 3. Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothes, rinse skin with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Use soap except in case of acids or bases. Neutralize acid with sodium carbonate (powder) Base with 5% vinegar

46. 4. Ingestion: For Acids: do not induce vomiting. take large quantities of milk or water. For Bases: do not induce vomiting. Take large amounts of water followed by diluted vinegar, fruit juice or egg whites beaten with water. For organic solvents: take 2 glasses of water and induce vomiting

47. The final message...... You are not going to die using chemicals... BUT you MUST be carefull and take preacutions!!!!!!! It’s just common sense.......... FOR YOU AND THE PEOPLE AROUND YOU!!!!!

48. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).