2. Explain which factors can affect solubility of solids, liquids and gases.
 Include: pressure and temperature
Differentiate among saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Use a graph of solubility data to solve problems.
Additional KEY Terms

3. Factors that affect Solubility
Nature of the Solvent and Solute
**The general dissolving rule is like dissolves like.**
Polar Solvent
Non-polar Solvent
Polar Solute
Ionic Solute
Non-Polar Solute

4. 2. Surface area (crushing)
Dissolves faster with increased surface area
Amount dissolved depends on level of attraction
Agitate (stir) the mixture
Added energy of stirring dissolves it faster
Added energy can help more particles dissolve

5. 4. Temperature
HOT

6. Temperature increases the solubility of solids in a solvent.
(endothermic processes)
Adding heat supplies more energy to separate the solute and solvent particles. H O - + H O - + H O - + H O - + H O - + H O - + H O C + - H O C + - H O C + - H O C + - H O C + -

7. BUT…
Increasing temperature decreases solubility of gases in a solvent.
FLAT
As kinetic energy of dissolved gas particles increases, particles overcome attractive forces and escape.

8. weak attraction 5. Pressure (only affects gases)
Pressure increases the
solubility of gas in a solvent.
Forces gas particles into contact with the liquid
weak attraction

9. Anything that adds energy to the dissolved gas particles, gives them energy to escape attraction

10. Types Of Solutions

11. MAX amount dissolved at that temperature
Saturated solution
MAX amount dissolved at that temperature
if you add more solute, it will not dissolve
Unsaturated
Solvent is able to dissolve more at that temp
Supersaturated
Solvent is holding more solute than normally can at that temperature
A supersaturated solution is very unstable.

12. Heat
bump, add crystal, shake

13. Solubility
amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution (under given conditions)
Units - grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent.
- grams of solute per 100 mL of solvent.
Dependent on temperature.
Proportional to volume of solvent
Solubility of a solute is determined experimentally and is shown with a “solubility curve”

15. 30 g
250 mL
500 mL
30 g = g
250 mL 60
(500 mL)
(500 mL)
500 mL
You can solve this problem by using ratios.

16. If a maximum of 25. 0 g of solute can dissolve in 40
If a maximum of 25.0 g of solute can dissolve in 40.0 g of solvent, what is the solubility in 100 g of solvent at the same temperature?
You can solve this problem by using ratios.
grams of solute1 = grams of solute2
grams of solvent1 grams of solvent2
25.0 g1 = g2
40.0 g1
62.5
(100 g2)
(100 g2)
100 g2

17. Density of water is 1 g/1 mL So # mL = # grams
If 30.1 g of a solute dissolves in mL of water at a certain temperature, what is the solubility of the substance in g/100g water?
Density of water is 1 g/1 mL So # mL = # grams
grams of solute1 = grams of solute2
grams of solvent1 grams of solvent2
30.1 g1 = g2
350.0 g1
8.60
(100 g2)
(100 g2)
100 g2

18. What volume of water is required to dissolve 240 g of KNO3 at 60°C?
grams of solute1 = grams of solute2
mL of solvent mL of solvent2
212 mL2 =
100 mL1
? mL2 =
240 g2
? mL2
100 mL1
113 g1

19. 75 mL of a saturated solution of KNO3 at 70°C is cooled to 40°C
75 mL of a saturated solution of KNO3 at 70°C is cooled to 40°C. How much solid precipitates from the solution? =
75.0 mL2
100 mL1
140 g1
105 g2
? g2 =
75.0 mL2
100 mL1
65 g1
49.6 g2
? g2
105 g – 49.5 g = 55.5 g

20. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
Explain which factors can affect solubility of solids, liquids and gases.
 Include: pressure and temperature
Differentiate among saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Use a graph of solubility data to solve problems.
Additional KEY Terms