1. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 The Internet How it works, Why it works, Who makes it work? Lynn St.Amour President & CEO Internet Society (ISOC)

2. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC Created in 1991 by Internet Pioneers Based in Reston, VA and Geneva, Switzerland Not-for-profit, international organisation Purpose: Educational, Charitable, Scientific Open International Membership organisation –global individual members - 20,000 + access is free, registration not necessary but encouraged –local chapters - 60 + with another 20 in formation –organisation members -150 + Organization members fund activities in: Standards, Education, and Public Policy

3. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Society (ISOC) Mission Statement "To assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world."

4. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Society Purposes and Goals Facilitate Open Development of standards, protocols, administration and technical Infrastructure of the Internet Provide Education and research related to the Internet Participate in activities at international levels to facilitate the development and availability of the Internet Collect and disseminate information related to the Internet Assist technologically developing countries in implementing and evolving an Internet infrastructure Liaise with other organisations, governments and the general public to meet the above purposes

5. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Society Guiding Principles Open, unencumbered, beneficial use of the I’Net Self-regulated content providers On-line unrestricted free expression Open development of I’Net standards & technology No discrimination in use of the Internet Personal information on I’Net not to be misused Encrypted communication without restriction. Encouragement of cooperation between networks.

6. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC - Areas of Focus Support for Standards (IETF) Transfer of technical knowledge Education in emerging countries Public Policy Education (rooted in technical principles) Building active global community of knowledgeable members & chapters Recently, manage a gTLD (.org)

7. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC and Public Interest Registry (PIR) (www.pir.org) ISOC won bid to manage.ORG TLD Open registry focused on non-commercial entities Created PIR to be an exemplary registry PIR is not for profit Surpluses go to ISOC programs in support of the Internet

8. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC Programs Support continuing evolution of Internet as a research, education and communication infrastructure Provide education concerning the technology, use and application of the Internet Stimulate and facilitate effective use of the Internet

9. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Education and Internet Policy Increase of competence through technology transfer –workshops, publications, conferences,briefings Public awareness of Internet Policy issues –support for decision makers: government, industry, civil society, individuals Open access to educational material Community building - global, international chapter and member network

10. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Standards Process and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Structure

11. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 The IETF (www.ietf.org) Internet Engineering Task Force Formed 1986 - 19 years ago Produces Standards ISOC is ‘corporate & funding’ home Cooperates with other standards groups Individuals not companies or governments Runs on: “rough consensus and running code”

12. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Organization of the IETF IRTF IESG IANA RFC area Internet Society IAB

13. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IESG/IAB Internet Engineering & Steering Group –multi-disciplinary technical review group –process management and RFC (Standards) approval –ISOC funds RFC Editor, but independent entity Internet Architecture Board –chartered and funded by ISOC –provides overall architectural advice –liaison function to external organisations

14. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority Based at ICANN Maintains unique Internet parameters –IETF protocol numbers –IP addresses (allocated to RIRs) –Domain names (delegated to TLD registries)

15. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 RFC Editor Publication and maintenance of all IETF documents: –Internet Drafts –Best Current Practices –Proposed Standards –Draft Standards –Internet Standards Funded by ISOC Requests for publications from IESG and individuals

16. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF Standards Standards really when people use them Emphasis is on ‘running code’ and ‘rough consensus’ All IETF documents open & free of charge Coordination of over 100 working groups organised into 8 areas

17. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF - Liaisons Liaisons with: –3GPP –ATM Forum –Global Grid Forum –IEEE –ISO –ITU-T –W3C Informal co-operation with many other organisations

18. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC and Internet Coordination

19. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC and Internet Coordination Internet is becoming a mass medium Internet is 10’s of 1,000’s of interconnected networks, not a single entity Internet evolution depends on consensus- based, open, accessible coordination processes Reflexive pressure on governments to regulate ISOC dedicated to ensuring open development, evolution and use of the Internet

20. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Coordination Processes Coordination required at three main levels: –Agreement on Internet standards IETF, W3C, IEEE, etc. –Allocation of Internet resources ICANN, RIRs, Root Servers, TLD registries etc. –Defining policies preventing misuse all of the above, with Governments & policy makers

21. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 What works quite well today The Internet Coordination Model as a whole, specifically technical aspects of Internet. Proof is it’s growth and stability. Bottom-up, consensus-based, transparent, open, self- regulating processes Internet Coordination model evolves in response to local needs with active support of existing Internet community, examples are LACNIC, AfriNIC, UAENIC’s activities,etc. Facilitates participation (& innovation) of users globally InternetCoordination Model allows flexibility and rapid response to community requirements.

22. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 What needs more focus There are a number of areas that need further discussion between various parties: Governments, Private Sector, Civil Society, Internet Community, Legal and Regulatory authorities,etc. –Inequality of resources - some perceived, some real –Concerted efforts to improve access to all Internet processes for all interested communities –Education –Security –Crime (No distinction between Cybercrime and crime) –Copyright –Spam

23. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Governance Standards and resource coordination groups are not the groups to determine appropriate coordination of policies around misuse of the Internet, censorship, Intellectual property issues, etc. Many issues currently confronting the Internet are with the uses of the Internet and are national and trans-national (ex. Crime), and the organizations exist today to determine and manage appropriate policies. We know that the Internet is not a single entity (to be ‘governed’), instead the most benefit to all people of the world will be to improve practices and policies in the “uses of the Internet” -- through collaboration.

24. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Collaborative Internet Coordination We should apply the same principles - that have helped the Internet develop - to ALL areas of Internet Coordination, technical and policy. Open consensus-based processes are strengthened through broad cooperation and increased participation. Cooperation clearly extends beyond Internet community to include Governments, Private sector, Civil Society, many existing IGO’s, etc. New models of cooperation should complement, not replace or add additional overhead to current processes.

25. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Wrap-up/conclusion No one can do it alone No one organization can do it alone ISOC supports evolution based on experience ISOC supports the establishment of an open forum to continue the evolution of coordination models ISOC cautions against applying yesterday’s models and mechanisms to the Internet today and in the future

26. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 BACK-UP SLIDES

27. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 ISOC and Internet Standards ISOC is the organizational home of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ISOC provides funding for the RFC Editor function, etc. ISOC holds copyrights on RFC’s Standards process open to all - no barriers to participation Standards documents (RFCs) are free!

28. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF: Next Level 130+ working groups (WG’s) at any one time 8 areas (for organizational convenience) with Area directors (AD’s) –APS, GEN, INT, O&M, RTG, SEC, SUB, TSV No “members”, no explicit voting 1.5K - 2K at 3/year meetings, 1,000’s mail lists Mgmt: IESG (ADs, chosen by comm’y) Architectural guidance & liaisons: IAB Internet Research Task Force: IRTF

29. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (www.iab.org) Provides overall architectural advice –to IESG, IETF & ISOC Advises IESG on IETF WG formation Deals with IETF external liaisons Appoints IRTF chair Selects IETF-IANA Oversees RFC Editor Hosts workshops Chartered & funded by ISOC

30. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) (www.irtf.org) focused on long term problems in Internet –Anti-Spam –Authentication Authorization Accounting Architecture –Crypto Forum –Delay-Tolerant Networking –End-to-End –Group Security –Internet Measurement –Network Management –NameSpace –Peer-to-Peer –Routing –Searchable Internet Resource Names –Services Management

31. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Assigned Number Authority (www.iana.org) Assigns parameters –Protocol numbers –IP addresses mostly delegated to IP Address registries –Domain names delegated to DNS name registries Functions split with the creation of ICANN –independent corporation to take over IANA functions –contract with US government –now IETF-IANA and non-IETF-IANA

32. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Internet Engineering Steering Group (www.iesg.org) IETF process management & approval body Composed of AD’s + IETF Chair Approve creation of WG’s Review & approve publication of IETF documents – reviews and comments on non-IETF submissions Multi-disciplinary technical review group

33. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF Working Groups (www.ietf.org) Where the IETF primarily gets its work done WG focused by charter agreed between chair and area director –restrictive charters with milestones –working groups closed when their work is done charter approved by IESG with IAB advice AD with IESG has final say on charter & chair(s)

34. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF Working Groups (continued) “Rough consensus and running code...” –no formal voting –can do show of hands or hum - but no count –does not require unanimity –disputes resolved by discussion –mailing list and face-to-face meetings –final decisions must be verified on mailing list taking into account face-to-face discussion

35. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF Documents All open Internet-Drafts –anyone can submit - “expire” in 6 months –some I-Ds are working group documents RFCs (stands for “RFC”) –archival publications (never changed once published) –different types: (not all RFCs are standards!) informational, experimental, BCP, standards track, historic 3-step standards track –Proposed Standard, Draft Standard, Internet Standard Interoperability not conformance

36. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 RFC Overview (www.rfc-editor.org) ‘RFC’ used to stand for Request for Comments –now just a name –tend to be more formal documents than early RFCs IETF document publication series RFC 1 Host Software - Apr 7 1969 now over 3400 RFCs not all RFCs are standards! –see RFC 1796 –though some vendors imply otherwise Many types of RFCs

37. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Standards Track RFCs: Best Current Practices (BCP) –generally policies or procedures (best way we know how) Proposed Standard (PS) –good idea, no known problems Draft Standard (DS) –stable –multiple interoperable implementations –note IPR restriction Internet Standard (STD) –wide use

38. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IETF and 3GPP standards IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) conforms to IETF standards 46 IETF dependencies for 3GPP release 5 3GPP has not modified IETF standards IETF has modified standards to handle mobile-specific issues

39. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 IPR / Patents IETF IPR rules in RFC 2026 Section 10 Working on clarifying these rules - IPR WG Current IETF rules –require disclosure* of own IPR in own submissions submissions of others * “reasonably and personally” known IPR WG takes IPR into account when choosing technology Push from open source people for Royalty Free (RF) only process –consensus to not change to RF-only –but WGs tend to want RF or IPR-free

40. INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 Copyright Author(s) need to give publication rights to ISOC (IETF) if to be published at all ….but authors retain most rights Mandatory ID boilerplate statement IPR WG will clarify copyright rules also –draft of changes about to be given IETF Last- Call