1. Minaret of the Zaytuna Mosque, Tunis. The mosque was built about 700, but this minaret, which is typical of the Maghrebi (North African) style, dates from 1894.

2. Inside the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, in Cairo, 9th century. The minaret resembles that of the Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq, built by the Abbasids.

3. Minarets from the Mamluke period in Cairo. The one in the foreground belongs to the mosque of Qalaun and the other to the Mosque of Sultan Barquq (1384).

4. Mosque of Omar Makram in Cairo. The tent-like structure beside it is called a suradeq. Here it is being used for guests at a funeral. State funerals are generally held at this mosque. (See Ch 7. Frame 16 for a different view)

5. The Mosque of al-Husayn in Cairo. Husayn’s head is said to be buried here. The pencil-shaped minaret is typical of Ottoman mosques

6. Mosque of Muhammad Ali in the Citadel, Cairo. Ottoman style

7. Small mosque in Istanbul. The dome and pencil shaped minaret are typical of Ottoman architecture.

8. Mosque at new Bus Terminal in Konya, Turkey.

9. Jamia Masjid in Kashmir, built about 1385. (Courtesy Harold Sequeira/ Saudi Aramco World/ SAWDIA)

10. Mud built mosques at Pondo, Niger. (Courtesy Brynn Bruijn/Saudi Aramco World/ SAWDIA)

11. Mosque in Beijing, China. (Courtesy Peter Sanders/Saudi Aramco World/ SAWDIA)

12. Pesantren Pabelan, Java; salah at the mosque.