1. Gender and Piety in Medieval Architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Courtyard House and the Madrasa

2. Fatimid al-Qahira before the arrival of Saladin in 1168 Saladin’s own palace-citadel outside the previous ones for his Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1250)

3. Arrival of Saladin and his Ayyubid dynasty turns al-Qahira into a bourgeois merchants’ neighborhood 1087after 1168

4. I. The Arab courtyard house (bayt or dar) – historical and environmental origins of its design Arab courtyard houses in Cairo, Egypt, 13 th – 14 th cen.

5. I. Arab courtyard houses in Cairo, Egypt, 13 th – 14 th cen. These courtyard houses date to the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt (1250-1517) House of Hasan Kachif, from Napoleon’s Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

6. GreekRomanArab bayt – humble dwelling dar – grand domestic complex I.

7. I. A. What are some possible precedents for the Arab courtyard house? classical Greek oikosHellenistic peristyle houseremains of humble dwellings (bayt) in Fustatgrand domestic complex (dar) in Fustat

8. medieval houses in Cairo I. B. Physical environment: urban setting in a very hot climate

9. roof top wind catch (malkaf) I. B.

10. Emir Bashtak’s Palace, 1356 I. C. Cultural factors: How were social relationships mediated by the architecture of the Arab crtyd house?I. C. 1. Facadefenestration wood lattice (mashrabiyya) enclosed balconies a Cairene house of the Mamluk era

11. I. C. 2. Door and bent-axis corridor Large door (hospitality)Bent-axis corridor (privacy)

12. I. C. 3. main courtyard and ground-floor public rooms General view of courtyard in a traditional Arab house of medieval origin

13. House of Qasim Bey, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28) I. C. 3. House of Hasan Kachef, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

14. I. C. 4. public reception rooms (qa ‘a, mandara, or salamlek) indoor public reception room Emir Bashtak’s palace House of Hasan Kachef, from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28)

15. I. C. 4. John Fredrick Lewis, The Mid-Day Meal, 1875 House of Solyman Agha from the Description de l’Egypte (1809-28) indoor public reception room (qa ‘a or salamlek) iwan of qa ‘adomed chamber of qa ‘a

16. I. C. 5. more exclusive reception areas: upstairs loggias and indoor salons 2 nd -floor loggia (maq ‘ad) over the courtyard John Fredrick Lewis, The Mid-Day Meal, 1875 2 nd floor loggia doubles as summer sleeping room no dining room no kitchen in small houses

17. I. D. How were gender relationships negotiated by the architecture of an Arab courtyard house? the harim could have its own courtyard, fountain, and parlors I. D. 1. women’s domain (harim = “holy fold” or private quarters) wood lattice (mashrabiyya) facing onto courtyards

18. I. D. 1. behind a mashrabiyya in Bashtak Palaceview seen from this mashrabiyya

19. II. Religion and domestic space: evidence that houses had religious significance B. OrientationA. Architectural similarities

20. II. C. Proximity D. Religious significance from decoration

21. Cairo: al-Qahira’s schools, mausolea, and hospitals II. B. 3. What are some public amenities financed by wealthy citizens Kostof’s Hospital, Mausoleum, and Madrasa of Qala’un, 1284-85 Sabil kuttab – Fountain and School

22. IV. Private patronage of public buildings in medieval Islamic cities: the madrasa Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, Cairo, Egypt, 1356 Lessons in early Islamic Architecture: *An architecture experienced from within *Buildings not designed as a single balanced unit. *Creation of ways to express non-tectonic values

23. IV. A. What functions did madrasas serve in the Muslim world? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan mosque iwan

24. IV. A. 1. Madrasa of Sultan Hasan – four iwans (vaulted halls) for teaching

25. IV. A. 1. Where had instruction taken place before the madrasa? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan madrasasmosques Ibn Tulum mosque, 876, Cairo

26. IV. A. 2. Where did students live and where did they study? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan Dormitory courtyard

27. I. B. Medieval trends in Islamic architecture: exalting the individual 1. How is the benefector (S. Hasan) commemorated in the architecture? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the Sultan’s mausoleum

28. IV. B. 2. What is significant about the tomb’s location on the qibla? Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the Sultan’s mausoleum qibla

29. Madrasa of Sultan Hasan IV. B. 3. How is the madrasa a power building? standing next to the ar-Rifa'i mosque (1869) before construction of the ar-Rifa'i mosque

30. Madrasa of Sultan Hasan IV. B. 3. before construction of the ar-Rifa'i mosque

31. Great Mosque at Kairawan Great Mosque at Cordoba Madrasa of Sultan Hasan IV. B. 3. a. How is the exterior articulated compared to the plain perimeters of the early period of Islamic rule? Early medievalLate medieval

32. House of the Prophet mosque at Kufah, Iraq Great Mosque of Damascus, 706 Dome of the Rock, 685 IV. C. Later medieval trends in Islamic architecture: classical architecture supplanted by the antiquity and the contemporary ideas of another place and culture (Iraq) AD 670 Great Mosque at Samarra, Iraq, 848-52

33. Shrine of Imam Dur, Dur (near Samarra), Iraq, 1085 IV. C. 2. Use of muquarnas

34. IV. C. 2. muqarnas – Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, entrance portal

35. IV. C. 2. The four-iwan plan or courtyard from Iraq: iwan - a roofed or vaulted hall open at one end Pre-Islamic: iwan hall in palace Imperial palace at Ctesphion, Iraq, AD 550 Islamic: 4-iwan courtyard Madrasa at Mustansiriya, Iraq, 1227-34

36. IV. C. 3. 4-iwan Madrasa at Mustansiriya, Iraq, 1234 4-iwan Madrasa of Sultan Hasan, Cairo, 1356