1. LYCOPENE EXTRACTION FROM TOMATOES ANA ÁLVAREZ MARTÍN LAURA HERNANDEZ SALAMANQUES

2. CONTENT Introduction Extraction using a solvent Supercritical extraction Extraction assisted by enzyme

3. LYCOPENE Type of carotenoid Aditive, colorant and antioxidant Tomato pomace Ripe tomatoes

4. CONTENT Introduction Extraction using a solvent Supercritical extraction Extraction assisted by enzyme

5. EXTRACTION USING A SOLVENT Fat-soluble: extracted with organic solvents Raw material: tomato waste skin Solvent: hexane:acetone:alcohol (2:1:1) + BHT. Variables

6. EXTRACTION USING A SOLVENT VARIABLES Number of extraction Solvent/meal ratio Particle size

7. EXTRACTION USING A SOLVENT VARIABLES Temperature Number of extractions Particle size Number of extractions

8. EXTRACTION USING A SOLVENT VARIABLES Extraction time Number of extractions

9. EXTRACTION USING A SOLVENT OPTIMUS CONDITIONS solvent/meal: 30:1 v/w 4 extractions 50 °C particle size 0.15 mm extraction time 8 min. Lycopene yield: 1.99 mg/100 g

10. CONTENT Introduction Extraction using a solvent Supercritical extraction Extraction assisted by enzyme

11. SUPERCRITICAL Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) – Tc, Pc solvent – CO 2 : low critical temperature, not toxic, not flammable, low cost, high purity

12. SUPERCRITICAL Semi-continuos process Equipment: an extractor, a back pressure regulator, a chiller, a high pump for CO 2, collection vials and a wet gas meter. Optimization: tomato seed oil (co-solvent)

13. SUPERCRITICAL Constant flow rate:

14. SUPERCRITICAL Constant pressure:

15. SUPERCRITICAL Constant temperature:

16. SUPERCRITICAL OTHER FACTORS: – Rising method – Tomato peel to seed ratio – Particle size – Degradation lycopene

17. CONTENT Introduction Extraction using a solvent Supercritical extraction Extraction assisted by enzyme

18. EXTRACTION ASSISTED BY ENZYME Improve lycopene extraction Response surface methodology (RSM) Chemicals: – Acetona, ethanol, hexane – BHT Enzimes: – Peclyve PR – Cellulyve 50LC

19. EXTRACTION ASSISTED BY ENZYME Optimal conditions: – T=30ºC – Extraction time=3.18h – Enzyme load=0.16kg/kg – Enzyme preparation= 50:50 Pec-Cel