1. Alex Bikfalvi Universidad Carlos III de Madrid  IMDEA Networks Institute

2. Doctoral student at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2 2006 2007 2008 2012 Engineering degree from Universitatea Tehnică din Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Network management, measurements and quality of service Part of work done at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Research assistant at the IMDEA Networks Institute (Madrid) Peer-to-peer networks, content distribution Master degree from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Peer-to-peer video in next generation networks Expected doctoral degree at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Peer-to-peer television for the IP Multimedia Subsystem Video-on-demand, peer-to-peer caching, user behavior, content- centric networks

3. It puts together four research topics 3 Internet Protocol Television Peer-to-Peer Streaming Next Generation Networks Performance Enhancements

4. Part 1 4

5. What is Internet Protocol television or IPTV? It begins with broadcast television Analog or digital (ATSC, DVB) Terrestrial, satellite, cable 5

6. IPTV: TV channel audio/video over IP Content encoded in digital form, transmitted as packets 6 Convergence of services: broadcast, video-on- demand Economics: only 1-2 channels streamed to the user Bandwidth requirements Congestion and packet losses Delay during channel changes: buffering, decoding

7. Most IPTV providers use a dedicated infrastructure Uses IP multicast for all TV channels 7

8. Part 2 8

9. P2P traffic was 60% and rising ISPs identified P2P as a major challenge in network design It affects the QoS for all users Mostly, file-sharing: BitTorrent, eDonkey, Kad, Gnutella 9 Source: Cache Logic “P2P in 2005”

10. Since late 2000’s, web traffic was gaining share back 10 Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007)

11. 11 2007 More than a third of the HTTP traffic is video streaming YouTube is the most popular; counts for around 20% That’s about 10% of all Internet traffic Internet video, the new broadband killer application? More ***Tube service providers? User generated content and commercial content Source: Magid Media Futures survey (2007)

12. 12 2011 Cisco: Entering the Zettabyte Era Video surpassed peer-to-peer in 2010 Forecasts fourfold increase over the next three years Source: Cisco (2011)

13. Sending video content is expensive Applications target many receivers We need support in the transport network What are the options? Internet Protocol multicast Content distribution network (servers) Peer-to-peer 13

14. Application layer multicast Emulates the IP multicast tree The clients or peers in charge of packet forwarding 14

15. Multiple application layer multicast trees Increases participation and bandwidth granularity It coordinates multiple trees 15

16. Mesh or data-driven Video stream divided into segments A unique tree for each segment 16

17. Part 3 17

18. One network, many services Economic reasons: bandwidth is a low margin business Convergence: legacy networks to an all IP 18

19. A platform for IP multimedia services Initially designed by 3GPP as an evolution of GSM/UMTS Currently extended to many more access networks Core of a NGN 19

20. Before communication User equipments establish a multimedia session Like a handshake, and indicates the session characteristics Uses the Session Initiation Protocol 20

21. 21

22. User equipments leverage their upload bandwidth Available bandwidth not contracted by the user 22

23. The P2PTV complements other streaming techniques A P2PTV provider in charge of coordinating peer resources 23

24. P2PTV peer coordination example Three streams belonging to one or more TV channels 24

25. Part 4 25

26. Signaling delay Need to establish a multimedia session between peers Assures QoS but time expensive Peer churn Departure of a UE peer generates streaming interruptions In television, amplified by channel changes Application server Coordinates peer participation 26

27. Foster peers with established but inactive sessions Initiated by the application server Estimates the necessary number of inactive sessions based on user demand 27

28. Decouple viewing from uploading Based on a previous work We adapt the bandwidth allocation algorithm 28

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30. 30 Internet Protocol Television TV channels transmitted as packets with the Internet Protocol Pros and cons Walled gardens Peer-to-Peer Streaming Rationale given expected increase in video usage Alternative to IP multicast and content distribution networks Tree or mesh Next Generation Networks One network, many services IP Multimedia Subsystem, an NGN implementation P2PTV in IMS: rationale, business model & design Performance Enhancements Main issues of P2PTV in IMS: delay & churn Fast signaling Primary and secondary streams

32. Available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Images by Shalom Jacobovitz, David Gubler, Simo Räsänen. Mikey Hennessy, Brocken Inaglory, flagstaffotos, Greg O'Beirne, Holger Krisp, Kim Hansen, Silvio Tanaka, Berthold Werner

33. You can get them at: 33 1 alex.bikfalvi.com 2 research 3 download

34. P2PTV mobility in UMTS SIP mobility SIP mobility with reactive context transfer Mobile IP 34

35. P2PTV mobility with IEEE 802.21 (MIH) Proactive context transfer 35