1. Some “Thoughts” on Semantic Computing C.V. Ramamoorthy Professor, Emeritus EE&CS, UC Berkeley

2. Topics Semantic Computing (S.C.) Technology Transfer Transformation Processes  Visions, Concepts, Ideas  Technology  Needs & Applications Applications selected to satisfy infra-structural (essential) human needs  Constrained by environmental and ecological concerns Transformations  Value vs. Entropy  Usefulness (simplicity) vs. Complexity Selection of Research Challenges Semantic Search Engine  Current search engines lack interaction, no question/answer capability  Semantic interactive search engines for health care (Patients-Doctors) Man-Machine Semantics (Sensor based Semantic Network)  Talking and controlling of household appliances remotely  Trustworthiness issues Vision the discipline of semantic computing  Establishing, creating, and meeting its human needs challenges

3. Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard Thomas Gray (1716 – 1717) “Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark unfathom’d caves of ocean bears Full many a flower is born to blush unseen And waste its sweetness on the desert air”

4. Semantic Computing – Technology Transfer Example:  Cotton Ginning  Carding  Spinning  Weaving  Dyeing  Finishing  Tailoring  Series of Transformations  result  Need computer language translation Trade off between value and entropy  Simplicity vs. Complexity Message  Meanings of thoughts (semantics) to meanings conveyed by natural / artificial languages Challenge  Need “trustworthy” translation – no meaning must be lost in translation Need  Semantic translations (e.g. compilers)  Tools of transformation that preserve semantic integrity

5. Selection of Research Challenges 87% World’s Population rural, agricultural (the economist) Select Infrastructural applications  Food Production  Energy Production & Conservation  Home usage / living  Weather aspects  Other environmental aspects I.T. Telecomm (cell phones) Easy to communicate between farmers, agriculture specialists, doctors, transportation These are some infrastructural applications  Real time, personalized, computer aided assistance  “Real time” translation support  Example: India Farm to Fork Project (Government, Reliance, Nandam Nilkani, M. Ambarni)

6. Semantic Search Engines Our current search engines are not interactive No Question & Answer capabilities Search engines for doctors & health care Patients  Requests for medical help & advice from doctors Need interactive capabilities

7. Human Machine Semantics Talking to household appliances remotely via cell phones Request confirmation from machine – approved by owner Security, safety, reliability Trustworthiness

8. Vision of Semantic Computing Need a national / international project Vision  Kennedy moonlanding  Manhattan Atomic Energy  2001 Space Odyssey – Arthur Clarke  Jetson’s TV Cartoons  War of the Worlds – H.G. Wells  Jules Verne novels Idea  Vision creates expectations  Expectations create challenges  Research rises to meet challenges We must stretch semantic computing to meet our human needs