1. 1 Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. The Human Bean A biopsychosocial model to increase parental understanding in Play Therapy. By Penny L. Phares ARNP/RPTS 1999

2. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 In the Beginning...

3. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Brain + Environment= Behavior...

4. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 the Midbrain first tissue formed controls the body information travels through here to and from brain displays behavior

5. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 The Cortex largest part studied the most logical, factual global or sequential controls thinking

6. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Cortex

7. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 The Limbic System more of a system than an organ produces endorphins short term memory not logical controls feelings

8. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Brain + Environment= Behavior...

9. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Rethinking Behavior Educational models of Behavior Medical model of Behavior Psychosocial model of Behavior Spiritual model of Behavior

10. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Simplifying the Complexity There is an increase in the number of children diagnosed with behavior problems. Parents are more often blamed yet are most fearful of the child’s behavior. Including parents as the solution rather than the problem increases compliance and participation in therapy.

11. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Behavior is our only measurable evidence of diagnosis. Understanding the child’s need and assisting the parent to meet the need at the child’s level often will change the behavior (or “cure” the diagnosis).

12. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Play Therapy Psychotherapy in children vs. adults. The goal: Family Therapy in the playroom.

13. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Positive Family Outcomes The “symptom bearer”, becomes the catalyst for healing. Increase in actual time family spends together working on issues. Restructuring of family hierarchies. Spiritual growth rather than bad behavior directs family function.

14. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Attachment Behavior Occurs during period of object relations 0- 9 months of age. Occurs during period of separation anxiety 15 to 18 months. Occurs during period of individuation 18 to 30 months.

15. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Attachment Theory Mead Symbolic interactionism1910-1934 Lewin personal, interpersonal1933 Bowlby Internal working model1948 Ainsworth The Strange situation1960-1978 Harlow Cloth monkey surrogates1960’s Main Replicated Ainsworth’s research1980-1990 Cicchetti Attachment organization / environment 1980-1990 Schore Interaction > neuron connection1990 - 2001

16. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Secure Attachment Self I am worthy of love I am capable of getting the love and support I need Other Others are willing and able to love me

17. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Avoidant Attachment Self I am worthy of love I am capable of getting the love and support I need Other Others are either unwilling or incapable of loving me Others are not trustworthy; they are unreliable when it comes to meeting my needs

18. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Ambivalent Attachment Self I am not worthy of love I am not capable of getting the love I need without being angry and clingy Other Others are capable of meeting my needs but might not do so because of my flaws. Others are trustworthy and reliable but might abandon me because of my worthlessness.

19. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Disorganized Attachment Self I am not worthy of love I am not capable of getting the love I need without being angry and clingy Other Others are unable to meet my needs Others are not trustworthy or reliable Others are abusive ad I deserve it.

20. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Need for Trust Interruption of Relationship –Divorce –Disaster –Drugs –Disease –Detention –Death –Depression

21. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Therapeutic Play Encourages trust Re-wiring Putting “feelings” into context Non threatening interaction Safety

22. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Even Start Literacy Family Mental Health –Neuro biology of – child development –Family Dynamics –Politics –Economics –Relationships –Fear/Anger –Group Counseling

23. Penny L. PharesARNP/RPTS copyright 1999 Family Counseling Dads Make a Difference –Pursue and Have Dominion Over –Tend and Keep –Bear Fruit and Multiply