1. Supporting or Undermining the Self-Esteem of People with Alzheimer ’ s Disease Steven R. Sabat Department of Psychology Georgetown University

2. Recognize that the behavior of persons with AD can be a function of:  Neuropathology  Person ’ s reaction to effects of neuropathology  Behavior of others  Reaction to behavior of others Recognize that the behavior of persons with AD can be a function of:  Neuropathology  Person ’ s reaction to effects of neuropathology  Behavior of others  Reaction to behavior of others

3. Others focus on what person can no longer do:  ” They don ’ t know anything anymore ”  ” Treating an Alzheimer ’ s patient is like doing veterinary medicine. ” Others focus on what person can no longer do:  ” They don ’ t know anything anymore ”  ” Treating an Alzheimer ’ s patient is like doing veterinary medicine. ”

4. Malignant Positioning * Wandering vs. Walking * No concept of time vs. planning ahead * Irrational hostility vs. righteous indignation * Who is “ confused ” ? Malignant Positioning * Wandering vs. Walking * No concept of time vs. planning ahead * Irrational hostility vs. righteous indignation * Who is “ confused ” ?

5. Malignant Social Psychology Disempowerment Stigmatization Infantilization Outpacing Invalidation Ignoring Imposition Malignant Social Psychology Disempowerment Stigmatization Infantilization Outpacing Invalidation Ignoring Imposition

6. How to Support Self Esteem of Person with Alzheimer ’ s disease: Decrease Malignant Positioning and Malignant Social Psychology and Notice Indicators of Relative Well-Being — common ground shared by people with AD and those otherwise healthy How to Support Self Esteem of Person with Alzheimer ’ s disease: Decrease Malignant Positioning and Malignant Social Psychology and Notice Indicators of Relative Well-Being — common ground shared by people with AD and those otherwise healthy

7.  The assertion of desire or will  The ability to experience and express a range of emotions  Initiation of social contact  Affectional warmth  Social sensitivity  Self-respect  Acceptance of other dementia sufferers  Humor  Creativity and self-expression  Showing evident pleasure  Helpfulness  Relaxation  The assertion of desire or will  The ability to experience and express a range of emotions  Initiation of social contact  Affectional warmth  Social sensitivity  Self-respect  Acceptance of other dementia sufferers  Humor  Creativity and self-expression  Showing evident pleasure  Helpfulness  Relaxation

8.  For any person – know his or her history — in what did he or she take pride? People are far more than their diagnostic category.  What does the person like to do? Mrs. D volunteered to be in drug studies … was “ the life of the party ” at the day center.  Dr. B as “ scientific collaborator ”— called the day center activities “ filler ”  Mrs. R helped setting tables, assisting those in wheelchairs …  For any person – know his or her history — in what did he or she take pride? People are far more than their diagnostic category.  What does the person like to do? Mrs. D volunteered to be in drug studies … was “ the life of the party ” at the day center.  Dr. B as “ scientific collaborator ”— called the day center activities “ filler ”  Mrs. R helped setting tables, assisting those in wheelchairs …

9. Thanks to: Dozens and dozens of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers who have been my teachers for the past twenty seven years, Holy Cross Hospital Adult Day Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, Georgetown University for giving a maverick researcher the chance to follow his bliss. Thanks to: Dozens and dozens of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers who have been my teachers for the past twenty seven years, Holy Cross Hospital Adult Day Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, Georgetown University for giving a maverick researcher the chance to follow his bliss.