1. CATHOLIC REFORMATION The REAL Reformation

2. On the transition from Renaissance to Catholic Reformation  The men wandering about the world included the sort of man who says there is no God, the sort of man who says he is himself God, the sort of man who says something that nobody can make head or tail of…It was one of those moments when, as Christ walked on the water, so was Christianity walking in the air

3. The Council of Trent 1545 - 1563

4. Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent The Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation Over 18 years there will be 25 sessions

5. Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent  Pope Paul III (1545 – 1547)  Sessions 1 – 10  Pope Julius III (1551 – 1553)  Sessions 11 – 16  Pope Pius IV (1562 – 1563)  Sessions 17 - 25

6. Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent  Sacred Scripture  In matters of Faith and morals, the Tradition of the Church together with the Bible is the source of Catholic belief  Original Sin  Original sin does not destroy human freedom and man’s ability to cooperate with grace

7. Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent  Symbol of Faith (Pius IV)  Canonical Scriptures  Original Sin & Justification  Sacraments

8. Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent  Seven Sacraments officially defined Eucharist – Communion Under Both Kinds, Sacrifice of the Mass Penance And Extreme Unction Holy Orders Matrimony  “If anyone says that the sacraments of the new law were not all instituted by Jesus Christ, or that there are more or less than seven, or that any of the seven is not truly and strictly speaking a sacrament, let them be anathema (cursed, banned, condemned to hell)

9. The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues  The Pope is to be more careful in choosing Cardinals  Why is this addressed?  Bishops are required to live in their own dioceses  They are required to meet often with their priests  Having more than one diocese is strictly forbidden Why is this addressed?

10. The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues  Celibacy is strictly to be enforced  Those who didn’t would be removed  Why is this addressed?  Priests were to wear DISTINCTIVE GARB so they could be distinguished from laypeople

11. The Council of Trent: Documents  A universal catechism of Catholic beliefs will be compiled  The first time that this is done  The Catechism of Trent would be the official Catechism of the Church until 1994

12. The Council of Trent: Documents  One set of prayers for Mass to be said by every priest of the Latin rite…  The first change to the Missal would occur in 1962 with the addition of “St. Joseph” to the Eucharistic prayer  First change in almost 500 years

13. Catholic Reformation: Age of the Saints  St. Philip Neri  Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier  Sts. Robert Bellarmine & Charles Borromeo  Sts. Teresa of Avila & John of the Cross  St. Vincent de Paul  Where have we seen a stack of saints like this before???  Christendom was thus to all appearance hollowed out from within by doubt and indifference…the difference is that the sons were fanatical for the faith where the fathers had been slack about it. – Chesterton

14. The Age of Saints: St. Philip Neri (1515-1595)  “The 2 nd Apostle of Rome”  Started as teacher  Engaged in prayer & works of charity  Ordained a priest at 36  Organized small communities for prayer, discussion, & recreation  Incarnational evangelization  GOAL: change Rome for the better, draw everyone closer to Christ, allow others to share in that joy which he himself experienced  Known for his practical jokes

15. The Age of Saints: Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier  St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)  Radical conversion after reading lives of the saints while recovering from battle injuries, became a soldier for Christ  Vowed life of chastity; after much prayer & study formed Society of Jesus  Ran this mission society from Rome while others were out in the world Have we seen this before??? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lehPjhAky6E

16. The Age of Saints: Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier  St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552)  Originally a teacher, but joined St. Ignatius in his mission to spread the Gospel…bring back the Protestants and Muslims…  Patron of Goa, India  Died off the shores of China…  Give up your small dreams and come with me to save the world…  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuUs2US oIg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuUs2US oIg

17. The Age of Saints: St. Charles Borromeo  St. Charles Borromeo (1538-1584)  Archbishop of Milan in 1564  Instrumental at Council of Trent – basically responsible for having written the Catechism of Trent  Spent 20 years of his life reforming the clergy and giving pastoral care to his people, zealously implementing the decrees of the Council of Trent Responsible for the modern system of seminaries

18. The Age of Saints: St. Robert Bellarmine  St. Robert Bellarmine (1542-1605)  Joined the Society of Jesus, ordained a priest in 1570  Taught at University in Louvain & in Rome  Archbishop of Capua  Proved himself a vigorous and successful opponent of the Protestants Chief work: Disputationes de Controversiis Christianae Fidei adversus hujus temporis Haereticos – a systematic and clear apologia for the Roman Catholic position A new generation of Apologists… A prominent part in the production of the revised edition of the Vulgate,  Defended the temporal authority of the Pope, though saw this power as indirect and limited – DOCTOR of CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS

19. The Age of Saints: Carmelite Reformers  Ancient order that had become lax during the Renaissance  Reformers of the Carmelite Order  St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)  St. John of the Cross (1542- 1591)

20. The Age of Saints: Sts. Teresa & John  Teresa had lived a very lax religious life  After praying before image of Jesus scourged, she had a conversion  Sought the aid of a holy young Carmelite priest: John of the Cross  Both were persecuted by fellow Carmelites as “traitors”  Brought before the Inquisition  Today: they are the DOCTORS of Prayer & Spiritual Life

21. The Age of Saints: St. Vincent de Paul (1581-1660)  Born a peasant France  Ordained a priest in 1600  Captured by pirates in 1605  2 years a slave in Tunisia  After converting his master, he went back to France  Dedicated all of his efforts to the service of the poor  Lazarists (or Vincentians): priests for missionary work  Laymen to help the poor and slaves  Founded Sisters of Charity, 1 st congregation of women entirely devoted to care of sick and poor.

23. Pope St. Pius V, Don Juan of Austria, & the Battle of Lepanto The Defeat of Islam

24. Defeat of Islam  Pope St. Pius V sees this as his responsibility to help Spain  Part 1 – Reform of the Church  Part 2 – Overcome the heresy of Islam  Reconquista – 700-yr. process of expelling the Muslims from Spain

25. The Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain.

26. Battle of Lepanto – Oct. 7, 1571  Goal of Ottoman Turks: take over all of Europe  Turn St. Peter’s into a mosque like Hagia Sophia  Holy League formed by Pope St. Pius V  All of Europe encouraged to pray before the Blessed Sacrament and to pray the Rosary  At the Last Gospel…There was a man sent by God and his name was John…  Don Juan of Austria leads Christian forces to an unprecedented victory  Marks the beginning of the end for Muslim conquest of Europe