1. Monitoring Foodservice Operations
Actual vs. Standard Food Cost

2. Establishing Standards
Setting standards are somewhat like goals.
In setting standards within a foodservice environment, management needs to consciously consider the level of standards to adopt:
Achievable standards are realistically within reach. Such standards take into account normal spoilage and inefficiency.
Ideal standards may never be reached. They represent what will result in a state of perfection (e.g., no spoiled goods, no worker errors, etc.).
Many foodservice operations avoid ideal standards because they fear that employees will see ideal standards as meaningless since they cannot hope to achieve them.

3. Standard Cost
Management needs to adjust the potential food cost to include waste and spoilage that occurs during normal preparation, as well as an allowance for complimentary or discounted meals to employees and guests.
Are used as target costs (or basis for comparison with the actual costs)
Are developed from historical data analysis.
They almost always vary from actual costs, because every situation has its share of unpredictable factors.

4. Pre-cost Menu abstract
Is a sheet based on standard costs
Contains sales on one side and the food cost % in the other column. (referred to daily food cost % as well)
Another column is added, known as forecast.

5. Menu Abstract Standard Cost/ Sales = Standard Cost %
Total Standard Cost/Total Sales = Standard Cost %
Date
Standard Cost
Sales
Standard Cost %
1- Mar
$981.15 $
35.21%
2- Mar $ $
35.45%
3- Mar $ $
36.21%
4- Mar $ $
35.29%
5- Mar $ $
31.43%
Total $
$15,275.70
Total Stand. Cost
Total Sales
34.65%

6. Menu Abstract Conclusion
With these totals available, it is easy to project gross profit and standard cost percent.
If the projections are judged satisfactory, the manager can send the menu to a printer.
If they are not considered satisfactory, various changes can be made, because production has not yet started.
Essentially, a new forecast can be developed.
Standard cost and sales figures may be raised or lowered, depending on which is desirable, by the following means:
Sales prices may be changed.
Standard portion costs may be changed by altering portion standards: sizes, ingredients, recipes, or some combination of these.
Menu items may be added or eliminated.

7. Volume forecast and sales forecast
Is a list of projected sales volume.
Items are listed in terms of units forecasted to be sold.
Items are compared to with actual units sold to compute the difference (+ or -)
The forecasted volume is later multiplied by the cost price which becomes the sales forecast.
An acceptable variance will range from half to three percentage points of food sales.
The difference between actual food cost and standard food cost reflects inefficiencies that should have been controlled by management.

8. Volume Forecast Daily Comparison
Formula: Actual Sales – Sales Forecast = Difference
Menu Item
Sales Forecast
Actual Sales
Difference
Oyster Rockefeller 16 15
- 1
Ginger Shrimp 7 8 1
Strip Steak 13 -2
Lamb Chops
Trout Almandine
Cheesecake 6 4
Frozen Choc. Parfait 5 2
Fruit and Cheese 3
Total Covers 68 65

9. Food Cost Variances
Unfavorable variances signal waste, or inefficiency of some sort. However, one must also be wary of favorable variances.
Favorable variances can mean that food personnel are not following standardized recipes (preparing Fruits de Mer with cod fish instead of lobster), serving portions that are smaller than standard (serving 8 ounce steaks instead of 12 ounce steaks), and so on.

10. 3 Reasons for Comparing Forecast vs. Actual Figures
To see if a menu item has sold in greater quantities than forecasted.
To determine the extent to which forecasts are wrong.
To see the extent to which forecasting techniques can be improved.

11. Actual Food cost
The actual food cost percentage appears on the monthly income statement. This is the cost of the food consumed by your customers, and does not include employee meals or spoilage. Although the actual food cost indicates what the food cost is currently running, it has little value unless the operator knows what the target percentage should be.
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12. Potential Savings
Defined as the difference between actual costs and standard costs.
Potential savings may be recorded as dollars, as percentages of sales, or as both.
Potential savings must be regarded as reflecting the differences between existing conditions and those that would exist if all standards and standard procedures were followed to perfection.
No foodservice operation will ever achieve that perfection
it is usually possible to find ways to improve performance so that the future results will be somewhat closer to perfection.