2. Senna leaves Medical plant names. Plant description and origin. Biochemical constituents & pharmacological effects.Biochemical constituents & pharmacological effects. Uses. Folk remedies. Contraindications Side effects and adverse reactions. Pharmacokinetics.Pharmacokinetics Interactions with Senna medical preparations. Drugs. Senna fruits. Main slide

3. Dr. Nidal Jaradat Description Legume Leaflet Fruit Yellow flower Main slide

4. Dr. Nidal Jaradat Main slide

5. Dr. Nidal Jaradat Main slide

6. Senna leaves :Senna leaflets: Folia Sennae ------------------------------------------- Cassia acutifolia –Alexandrian Senna (Egyption) Cassia angustifolia —Indian Senna Family: Leguminosae Main slide

7. Perennial small shrubs (trees) about 1m high with yellow flowers,fruits form legume (pods). The leaves greenish blue but during drying turned yellow. C. acutifolia :the leaves have acute apex C. angustifolia: the plant has narrow leaves Odor: slight or odorless. Taste: unpleasant. Origin : Mecca then cultivated in Egypt and India. Main slide

8. Biochemical constituents Glycosides; anthraquinone derivatives (dianthrone): Sennoside A,B and traces from Sennoside C and D. Pharmacological effects 1.Stimulant laxative (contact) which increases intestinal motility causes abdominal cramps (spasm). 2. It soften the feces by increasing the flow of water and electrolytes into the large intestine. Main slide

9. uses Strong laxative (purgative) used in the case of acute or chronic constipation or when required soft stool (abdominal operations, anal- rectal operation,hemorrhoids, x- ray for intestines). Main slide

10. Folk remedies: Inflammatory skin conditions : the leaves were sometimes made into a paste and applied to various skin diseases. Ringworm and acne were both treated in this way. It is also used in hypertension and obesity. Main slide

11. Contraindications: Senna should not be used during : 1.Pregnancy. 2.Lactation 3.Should not be given to children younger than 12 years of age. Senna should not be used by persons with 1.intestinal obstruction. 2. ulcerative colitis. 3. C.H.F. 4. Gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammations b/c of irritations. Main slide

12. Side effects/ Adverse Reactions GIT: Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Cramping, Diarrhea, Flatulence. It can be corrected by adding 1/4 amount of stomachic carminative herbs, like Ginger rhizomes or Fennel fruits, with its dosage. UT: Pink, red, brown or black urine. Metabolic: Hypocalcemia, alkalosis, hypokalemia, tetany. Main slide

13. This herb should not be used for longer than 1-2 weeks ( habit forming medication). Pharmacokinetics Onset of action 6 to 24 hours\metabolized by liver ; excreted in feces. Main slide

14. Interactions with Senna medical preparations: Cardiac Glycosides( Digoxin and others) Chronic use of Senna leaves may potentiate cardiac glycosides. Main slide

15. Drugs Lax-Ray ® JepharmLiquid Florilax ®Caps Jungborn ® :TaroTea bags, granules Lido ® ; TrimaTea bags Midro® :MidroTea bags Pursennid®; NovortisTab X-prep® : RafaLiquid Main slide

16. Eucarbon®; Trenka : Tablets Carbo ligni pulvaris + Extract Rhei +Fol. Sennae. Indications: 1.Mild laxative. 2.Adsorb gases. Main slide

17. Granulax® : Taro: Granules (chewed or swallowed with water) Sennoside A,B Relief of chronic and acute constipation. Main slide

18. Also Senna fruits (pods) contain Sennoside B Drugs Bekunis ® Dragees Laxikal forte ® : Teva TAB Main slide