1. Vascular plant anatomy and growth Biol 121, Fall 2010, Tom Buckley 29 Sep 10

2. Leaves leaf leaflet petiole Fig 35.6 leaf: has axillary bud leaflet: no bud compound leaf: multiple leaflets one axillary bud Axil

3. Leaves

4. Typical leaf anatomy cuticle epidermis mesophyll palisade spongy vein bundle sheath stomata guard cells Fig 35.18 adaxial surface abaxial surface

5. Leaf anatomy Karaba et al 2007 PNAS 104:15270 fluorescence lignin: blue chlorophyll: red image by Gregory Johnson, ASU

6. leaf scars & bundle traces Leaf anatomy

7. tendrils (climbing) spines succulent (water storage) bracts (look like petals) Modified leaves

8. rhizomes stolons bulbs tubers Modified stems

9. pneumatophores buttress roots Modified roots pneumato- = air pherein = to carry

10. Meristems apical meristems in... apical buds axillary buds root apices Fig 35.11

11. year's growth leaf scars bud scale scars (from apical buds)

12. Meristems Fig 35.11 lateral meristems vascular cambium cork cambium

13. vascular bundle xylem phloem fascicular cambium fasci- = bundle Primary growth

14. vascular bundlePrimary growth X xylem P phloem

15. vascular bundle interfascicular cambium xylem phloem fascicular cambium Secondary growth

16. vascular bundle vascular cambium xylem phloem fascicular cambium interfascicular cambium Secondary growth Year 1 Year 2

17. Fig 35.20

18. Fig 35.19 X P Growth ring { late early wood wood

19. primary growth secondary growth (woody plants only) primary xylem and phloem secondary xylem and phloem

20. Dicot stemMonocot stem no secondary growth Fig 35.17 (Angiosperms)

21. Circle dance Whirling dervishes vascular cambium

22. vascular cambium cork cambium cork Secondary growth

23. Fig 35.19 { barkperiderm phloem cork cambium cork

24. Fig 35.23 What is missing?

25. Root growth phloem xylem endodermis stele (vascular cylinder) Fig 35.14stele = star (e.g., 'stellar')

26. Q: Which term applies to the lateral meristems indicated by the arrows? (a)xylem (b)cambium (c)cork (d)cortex

27. Q: What is the feature surrounded by the red line? (a)leaflet (b)leaf

28. Q: Which is typically closer to the adaxial surface -- xylem or phloem? Q: Which is closer to the vascular cambium during winter: earlywood or latewood? Q: True or False: A leaf is a flattened structure specialised for carrying out photosynthesis. Q: How many years of growth are shown between the arrows?