1. Catherine A. Brekus, Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845 (1998)
Bathsheba Kingsley, “brawling woman” preacher who had “gone quite out of her place.”
Brekus argued women like Kingsley within tens years of the first Great Awakening were increasingly prevented or blocked from participating in religious education (e.g., testifying, witnessing, etc.). By the Revolution sharp lines were drawn between the male and female realm of religious education.
During the 1830s and 40s the moral authority gained by the ideology of “separate spheres” positioned religious education firmly in the female realm. Women’s participation in religious education became the norm rather than the exception

2. Abolitionists: Slavery Violated Domestic Ideology & Religion

3. Older Anti-slavery Movement
Henry Clay, American Colonization Society
Liberia
Emigration
Early moves to abolish slavery among religious groups (e.g., Quakers
Northeast Ordinance of 1787

4. New Abolitionists Immediate emancipation Public expression
Recognition of black humanity and civil equality

5. Variations among Abolitionists
Restrict spread of slavery
Free soil party 1848
Anti-slavery not necessarily abolitionist (e.g. some Northerners)

6. New England and Northeast: Center of Abolitionism – However, they are NOT popular in North
Considered:
Bad for business
Racially suspect
Too Radical

7. Southern Views
Various documents in reader attest to proslavery arguments
Postmaster’s position

8. Crucial Reform Movement: The Abolitionists
Key figure: William Lloyd Garrison (Began Publishing The Liberator in 1831 at Age 26)
Radical Demands for Immediate Abolition, Complete Equality
Free Blacks, Women Important

9. Defining Free Labor Ideology
Definition: Set of ideals that celebrated the North’s economic progress and the ability of ordinary men to become financially independent. These ideals include the belief that slavery invariably degraded free labor.
Free Labor Ideology cited by Abolitionists
“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”

10. New Fugitive Slave Act Created More Controversy
New Law Established Federal Commissioners
Northerners MUST Return Fugitive Slaves

11. Fugitive Slaves and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

12. Lincoln Douglass Debates
Popular sovereignty
Lincoln’s articulation of the difference between freedom and equality