3. 1 "I once heard a story…" "A funny thing happened on my way here…"

4. 2 "You can catch more flies with honey than vinegar"

5. 3 Each year the child's roots grew deeper, her trunk grew stronger and her branches grew wider.

6. 4 Friends make the worst enemies.

7. 5 I have a dream…I have a dream…I have a dream

8. 6 It was the best of times; it was the worst of times.

9. 7 Last year's profits were low, and since we have done nothing new to change the situation, this year's profits will be low.

10. 8 Last year's profits were low, Obama is still in office, so this year's profits will be low.

11. 9 liberty, freedom, pride, honor

12. 10 Like the red sea parting for Moses, the crowd moved aside for the police officer.

13. 11 Like sands through the hourglass, so are the days of our lives.

14. 12 Now sleeps the crimson petal, now the white. Now winks the gold fin in the porphyry font.

15. 13 Unless we change our strategy, low profits will require us to lay off dozens of reliable husbands and wives, fathers and mothers.

16. 14 With my years of experience in marketing, I can guide your strategy to success. My previous employer, the CEO of Microsoft, can attest to this.

17. 15 What do you expect me to do with this mess?

19. 16 Appeal to logic, using facts, figures and history

20. 17 Appeal to emotions

21. 18 Appeal to ethics, using the speaker’s own credibility or citing a higher authority

22. 19 a stark contrast between a literal meaning and a deeper, real layer of significance that is revealed not by the words themselves but the situation and the context in which they are placed.

23. 20 Words that are intended to conjure emotions, whether positive or negative, based on our deep connotations

24. 21 drawing parallels or comparisons between two unrelated and dissimilar things, using “like” or “as”

25. 22 one subject is implied to be another so as to draw a comparison between their similarities and shared traits.

26. 23 words and phrases to create “mental images” for the reader

27. 24 a concise statement that is made in a matter of fact tone to state a principle or an opinion that is generally understood to be a universal truth.

28. 25 a short verbal accounting of a funny, amusing, interesting event or incident.

29. 26 a figure of speech whereby the author refers to a subject matter such as a place, event, or literary work by way of a passing reference. It is up to the reader to make a connection to the subject being mentioned.