1. Concluding remarks The physics case is strong and it has large complementarity to other astroparticle detectors The way to a final design for the northern hemisphere: From HENAP through APPEC and the EU? A final thought on astroparticle physics S. Katsanevas HENA workshop

2. Connecting the quarks to the cosmos: 11 science questions for the new century report of US National Research Council Board on Physics and Astronomy 1) What is dark matter? 2) What is dark energy? 3) How were the heavy elements from iron to uranium made? 4) Do neutrinos have mass? 5) What is the origin of cosmic rays? 6) Is a new theory of light and matter needed to explain what happens at very high E and T? 7) Are there new states of matter at ultrahigh T and  ? 8) Are protons unstable? 9) What is gravity? 10) Are there additional dimensions? 11) How did the universe begin?

3. Physics case I, dark matter: a large area of complementary searches Can we fix  dark matter to 0.25 and see the complementarity better? LHC 2007 HESS,MAGIC, VERITAS, CANGAROO 2004 GLAST, AMS 2006 EDELWEISS,ZEPLIN CDMS 2005 O.1 KM2 AMANDA,BAIKAL, ANTARES,NESTOR 2005/2006 Towards 2008-2010 what will be the DM Potential of Icecube, KM3?

4. Physics case II, understanding the cosmic rays, and violent phenomena (AGN, microquasar, GRB,...) A dream can we understand the GRB ’s so as to make them a standard candle? HESS,MAGIC, VERITAS, CANGAROO 2004 GLAST, AMS 2006 O.1 KM2 AMANDA,BAIKAL, ANTARES,NESTOR 2005? Detecting or not detecting neutrinos equally important For understanding CR though less fun AUGER 2005

5. Physics case III, New very heavy objects, in unification physics, extra dimensions,topological defects, zbursts etc A shot in the dark but usually easier signatures O.1 KM2 AMANDA,BAIKAL, ANTARES,NESTOR 2005? AUGER 2005 SK and what comes next (UNOlike) + neutrino oscillation physics (AUGER, UNO, ANTARES )

6. The road for a final design in the Mediterranean Neutrino telescope designs are around more than 30 years (DUMAND) Or 100 years (Picasso design 1909) Or is it 400 years? See for instance: « Brouillon projet d ’une atteinte aux evenements des rencontres d ’un plan avec un cone » (1639, Girerd Desargues) (« how and when a cube will capture cones » rediscovery or cryptomnesis?) What is different in a telescope design? –Living things, radioactivity –Corrosion, pressure –Water tightness –Power problems

7. The road to a Km3 in the Mediterranean HENAP report => the physics case strong (complementary to IceCube, pointing, covering the galactic center) need only one in NH, to be based on existing/forthcoming experience ApPEC evaluation of the site criteria. Work along three axes: –Long term stability of measurements –Current deployments full of lessons to be used in the design. Exploit current data (antares, baikal, nestor) –Software benchmark detectors to be tested in different sites A design study submitted to the EU by Mars 2004? TDR by 2007?

8. But be carefull the KM3 is part of a « second wave » of astroparticle detectors. Unitarity limits are hit Shopping list: 1) super Cerencov Telescope 2) Euro DarkMatter 4) Post Auger (EUSO in space probably different sources) 5) Euro GravitationalWave 6) KM3 7) Neutrino megatonne PPARC roadmap 20-25 Meuros/y available in Europe for astroparticle The above program has to bid for large infrastructure funds We need to interest strongly astrophysicists (CT et DM did it) marine biologists, environmental scientists, industrial interests, ESONET?

9. Do not forget innovative and cheap(?) methods Radio detection –Theory? –Reconstructing the pulse Acoustic detection

10. Neutrino telescopes are the prototype of the coming together of the two quests: this of astrophysics and that of elementary particle physics History is an epic poem, coming out of Gods spirit. Its two principal parts are: the part that represents humanity’s departure from its center and its progression up to the most distant point, and the part that represents its return to the center from this point. We can compare the first to the Iliad* and the other to Odyssey. Shelling, Essays * Iliad is the name of the APPEC proposal for large infrastructures to the EU that contains NT R+D