1. Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India
Chapter 15: The First Global Age
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India

2. Section 3: European Footholds
Portugal was the first European power to gain a foothold in Asia

3. Section 3: European Footholds
Superior firepower helped win control of the spice trade and build a trading empire in Asia

4. I. Portugal's Empire in the East
In 1510, the Portuguese seized Goa and made it a major military and colonial base

5. I. Portugal's Empire in the East
Afonso de Albuquerque ended Muslim power by burning coastal towns and sinking Arab fleets
Afonso "the Great" de Albuquerque - Builder of Portugal's Eastern Empire

6. I. Portugal's Empire in the East
In 1511, Albuquerque took Malacca and massacred Muslims, making the Europeans hated and feared

7. A. Trading Outposts
Within 50 years, the Portuguese had built a trading empire across the southern seas

8. A. Trading Outposts
For most of the 1500s, Portugal controlled the spice trade between Europe and Asia

9. B. Impact of the Portuguese
The Portuguese did not conquer much territory and remained on the fringe of Asian trade

10. B. Impact of the Portuguese
In stronger empires like India and China they received permission to trade

11. B. Impact of the Portuguese
The intolerance of Portuguese missionaries caused resentment

12. B. Impact of the Portuguese
The Portuguese sank pilgrim ships going to Mecca, destroyed Hindu temples, and introduced the Inquisition

13. II. Rise of the Dutch
The Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination in Asia

14. The Return of the Dutch East India Fleet, 1 May 1599
A. Sea Power
In 1599, a Dutch fleet returned from Asia carrying a cargo of pepper, cloves, and other spices
The Return of the Dutch East India Fleet, 1 May 1599

15. A. Sea Power
Investors earned a 100% profit, leading to a frenzy of overseas activity

16. A. Sea Power
Dutch warships and trading vessels put the Netherlands in the forefront of European commerce

17. A. Sea Power
The Dutch used their sea power to set up colonies and trading posts around the world

18. Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie)
B. Dutch Dominance
In 1602, a group of wealthy Dutch merchants formed the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie)

19. B. Dutch Dominance
In 1641, they captured Malacca from the Portuguese and opened trade with China

20. B. Dutch Dominance
The Dutch used military force to establish a monopoly over trade and shipping in the Spice Islands

21. B. Dutch Dominance
Trade made the Dutch wealthy but by the 1700s, England and France had taken over

23. Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India
Chapter 15: The First Global Age
Section 3: European Footholds in Southeast Asia and India

24. III. Spain Seizes the Philippines
Magellan claimed the archipelago in 1521 and within 50 years, Spain had colonized the islands

25. III. Spain Seizes the Philippines
The Philippines became a key link in Spain's overseas trading empire

26. III. Spain Seizes the Philippines
The Spanish shipped silver from Mexico and Peru to the Philippines and used it to buy goods in China

27. IV. Mughal India and European Traders
Before the 1700s, European traders made little impression on India

28. A. Industry and Commerce
India was the world leader in textile manufacturing and exported quantities of silk and cotton cloth

29. A. Industry and Commerce
The Mughal empire, founded in 1526 by Babur, was larger, richer, and more powerful than any kingdom in Europe
Emperor Babur

30. A. Industry and Commerce
The Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French were permitted to build forts and warehouses in coastal towns

31. B. Turmoil and Decline
Conflicts between Hindu and Muslim princes and years of civil war drained Mughal resources

32. B. Turmoil and Decline
In the early 1700s, corruption became widespread and the government collapsed

33. C. British-French Rivalry
French and English trading companies made alliances with local officials and independent rajahs

34. C. British-French Rivalry
Each company organized its own army of sepoys, or Indian troops
Sepoys of the Bombay, Bengal and Madras armies

35. C. British-French Rivalry
By the mid-1700s, the British and French were fighting for global power

36. C. British-French Rivalry
War erupted in Europe in 1756 and spread to their colonies in Asia and the Americas

37. C. British-French Rivalry
Robert Clive of the British East India Company used an army of British troops and sepoys to drive the French from their trading posts
June : Battle of Plassey, India. Robert Clive commanding 700 English troops, 550 sailors, 1700 native troops, and 14 guns defeats Suraj, the Nawab of Bengal, commanding cavalry, foot troops, 50 elephants, and 30 guns served by French artillerists. Clive’s guns out range those of his opponents, and the Bengalis flee in panic after their cavalry are defeated. The Nawab is later murdered by his own people.

38. C. British-French Rivalry
By the late 1700s, the British East India Company had become the de facto ruler of Bengal and influenced other parts of India