1. René VAN BERKEL, Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Global Perspective on Concepts, Practices and Applications of Eco-Industrial Towns
René VAN BERKEL
Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Vienna, Austria
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Joint Government of Thailand and UNIDO Seminar on Eco-Towns 1

2. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Overview
Background
Global Green Industry Imperative
City-level Leverage for Green Industry
Industry Contributions
Industrial and Urban Symbiosis
Practical Experiences
Making It Happen
Policy options
Concluding Remarks
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

3. Productivity and competitiveness Pollution, chemicals and waste
Background
Climate change
Jobs
Resource
Use
Productivity and competitiveness
Pollution, chemicals and waste
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

4. René VAN BERKEL, Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Response
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Joint Government of Thailand and UNIDO Seminar on Eco-Towns 4

5. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Green Industry
Greening of Industry
Any industry that commits itself to reduce the environmental impacts of its processes and products, and is actually doing so on a continuous basis
Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management Systems
Safe and Responsible Management of Chemicals and Waste
Water Efficiency and Pollution Prevention
 Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

6. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Green Industry
Green Industries
Industries that have as their core business the provision of environmental goods and services
Waste management, recycling and resource recovery
Manufacturers of renewable and energy-efficient technologies and equipment
Providers of environmental advisory, analytical, monitoring and other services
Manufacturers of clean and/or pollution control technologies and equipments
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

7. Complementary Approaches
Green Economy
Circular Economy
Sustainable Development
Sustainable Consumption and Production
Green Industry
Green Jobs
Green Growth
Reduce, Reuse & Recycle (3R)
Green Industry uniquely focuses on the positive role industry can play to sustainable industrial development
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

8. Green Industry at City Level
René VAN BERKEL, Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Green Industry at City Level
Industries located in the municipalities need to be more resource efficient and less polluting
Green industries can provide the environmental services needed by Municipalities to improve city living
Municipalities' environmental needs
Eco-Cities
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011
Joint Government of Thailand and UNIDO Seminar on Eco-Towns 8 8

9. Local Leverage for Green Industry
Eco-Cities
Areas where urban planning and environmental management tools are applied to pursue synergies in resource utilization and productivity, waste management, environmental preservation, industrial and economic development and a healthy living environment
UNIDO in cooperation with government of Jordan established the Eco-Cities of the Mediterranean Forum which will have its second main conference on October 2011 in Marseille, France
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

10. Greening Industrial Towns
Enterprise-level
Improved resource productivity and reduced pollution intensity through intra-firm measures
Resource productivity
Efficiency
Industry-sector level
Resource exchanges and collaboration of multiple firms to improve overall resource efficiency and environmental performance
Resource synergy
 Symbiosis
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

11. Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production
Continuous application of preventive environmental strategies to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment
RECP addresses three sustainability dimensions individually and synergistically :
Production efficiency
Through improved productive use of natural resources by enterprises
Environmental management
Through minimization of the impact on nature by enterprises
Human development
Through reduction of risks to people and communities from enterprises and supporting their development
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

12. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
RECP Practices
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

13. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Lime Master
Producer of lime products
Options implemented
Installation of timers to switch of conveyor belts
Lime dust recovery with bag filters
Lime recovery through wash water reuse
On-sale of low grade raw materials and off specification lime as construction materials
Results:
Investment: ~USD 55,000
Savings: ~ USD 200,000
Reduction GHG emissions: 220 ton
Increase electricity consumption: ~ 45,000 kWhr
Reduction fuel oil consumption: ~ 66,000 litres
Material savings: 730 ton
Water savings: 14,700 kl
Waste reduction: ~ 15,000 ton
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

14. National Cleaner Production Centres
Established to foster adaptation and adoption of Cleaner Production
Information and awareness creation
Professional training
Plant level assessments and demonstrations
Policy advice
Technology transfer and investment
Programme launched in 1994 and expanded to 47 countries
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

15. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
concepts
Industrial Symbiosis
Engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and/or by-products
The keys to industrial symbiosis are:
Collaboration and
Synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity
Chertow, M 2000, 'Industrial Symbiosis: Literature and Taxonomy', Annual Review of Energy and Environment, vol. 25, pp
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

16. Collaboration Process and Outcome
concepts
Collaboration Process and Outcome
process
Eco-Industrial Development
Industrial Symbiosis
Exchanging by-products and other resources between firms
Applying best environmental management
practices for industrial parks, including,
but not limited to material exchanges
between firms
Industrial Eco-System
Eco-Industrial Park
outcome
van Berkel, R Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

17. Evidence from the Field
Industrial Symbiosis in Practice
Kalundborg – Denmark
Uncovered in 1989
Kawasaki – Japan
Developed and uncovered from 1997
Kwinana – Australia
Uncovered and further developed from 2002
The 3 Ks!
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

18. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Kalundborg
Town in Denmark
Existing power station and pharmaceutical company
Planned oil refinery could initially not be established due to lacking waste source
Industries developed new joint water supply to enable oil refinery investment in late 1960’s
Since then industries expanded gradually and new ones opened (gypsum, waste recovery), including through expansion of the resource sharing
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

19. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Kalundborg
Eight companies
Municipality
van Berkel, R Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

20. Quantitative Benefits Kalundborg (2003)
Annual savings 27.5 M DKK (~ 3.5 M USD)
Water saving 23 GL (seawater) + ~ 3GL (surface water)
Heat recovery: 39,000 GJ
Jacobsen, N,(2006), The industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg: a quantitative assessment of economic and environmental aspects, JIE,
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

21. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Urban Integration
Industrial
Symbiosis
Eco-Towns
Urban
Symbiosis
Use of byproducts from cities in industrial operations
Exploitation of synergistic opportunities arising from the geographic proximity
of urban waste sources and potential industrial users through the transfer of
physical resources (‘wastes’) for environmental and economic benefit
van Berkel, et all (i2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Programme , J Env Man, p
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

22. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Kawasaki (2006)
13 main synergies
7 synergies achieve waste diversion of 515 kt/yr
4 synergies achieve annual benefit of some
130 million USD
van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

23. Kwinana
Economic development zone created in 1960’s to cater for development of resource industries
Developed into an integrated resource processing zone
Oil, alumina and nickel refineries, chemical and fertilizer production, and supply industries
Located 35 km south of Perth (1.4M), drought affected city
Located >1,200 km away from nearest other major industries
Close-knit industrial community, strong collaboration on hazard identification and safety management
Kwinana
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
RECP and Industrial Parks
24 May 2010
30 March 2011 23

24. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Kwinana
Material synergies
15 Utility synergies (not shown)
Van Beers, D. et al (2007), Industrial Symbiosis in the Australian Minerals Industries: the cases of Kwinana and Gladstone, J of Ind Ecol, 55-72
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

25. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Making It Happen
Policy strategies for Industrial Symbiosis
Eco-Industrial Planning
Physical planning and environmental management important
Location decision not influenced by potential by-products
Recycling Legislation
Long term targets provide certainty of supply of recyclables and guarantee willingness to pay
Waste Exchanges – Matchmaking
Important to connect waste generators with recyclers, but less suitable for process applications that require some processing
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

26. Policy and Cooperation Spectrum
van Berkel, R Regional Resource Synergies for Sustainable Development in Heavy Industrial Areas, Curtin University, Perth
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

27. Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
Concluding Remarks
Industrial (and Urban) Symbiosis
Proven sustainable industrial development and innovation strategy
The desirable, but not exclusive, aim of Eco-Industrial Parks
Complementary nature
Efficiency + Symbiosis = Green Industry Platform
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011

28. Thank You Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
René VAN BERKEL
Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit
Global Perspective Eco-Industrial Towns
30 March 2011