1. Bricks Introduction Structural member Load transfer medium
Carries following stresses
Compression
Shearing [

2. Bricks Material of manufacture Bricks are made from Clay Shale
Soft Slate
Calcium silicate
Concrete [
The brickwork of Shebeli Tower in Iran displays 12th century

3. Bricks Mix proportion Content % Silica 50 to 60 Alumina 20 to 30 Lime
Iron oxide
05 to 06
Magnesia
Less than 1
The world's highest brick tower of St. Martin's Church in Landshut, Germany, completed in 1500 [

4. Bricks Mud bricks Manufacturing Ground clay is mixed with sand
Sand content 20 to 30 %
Mixed with water
Pressed into steel moulds with hydraulic press

5. Bricks Mud bricks Manufacturing 5.The brick is then removed from mould
6.It is put into Kiln
7.Heated at 900oC to 1000oC

6. Bricks
Mud bricks Manufacturing

7. Bricks Methods of manufacturing Rail Kiln
Continuously fired tunnel kiln
Bricks passed slowly through tunnel kiln
Conveyers are used for bricks

8. Bricks Bulls Trench kiln An oval or circular trench is dug
A long exhaust chimney is made
Green bricks are put in one side
Fuel zone is made for firing bricks
Bricks are taken out from other end

9. Bricks Brick types Dry pressed More clay content
More accurately fix in form
Sharp edges
More pressing force
Longer burning

10. Bricks Extruded bricks Clay is mixed with water
Then it is forced through a die
Die has given width and depth
A long stretch of the material is created
Holes can be created by dies
These bricks have thermal insulations

11. Bricks Volume of the clay is reduced
Hollow bricks can be created by this methods
It is cut by wire frame into given length
Cut bricks are cooled for 20 to 30 Hrs at 50 to 150oC
Waste heat from kiln is used for drying
Then these bricks are fired.

12. Bricks Advantages of hollow bricks Light in weight Easy to handle
Thermally insulated
Some have very high thermal insulation for zero–energy buildings

13. Bricks Extrusion types Stiff extrusion Soft extrusion
When mixing water 10 to 15 %
Soft extrusion
When mixing water 20 to 30 %

14. Bricks Calcium Silicate Bricks Material Lime Quartz Crushed flint
Siliceous rocks
Colourants

15. Bricks
Manufacturing
All materials are mixed and left until all lime is completely hydrated.
The mixture is then pressed into moulds and cured in an autoclave for 2 to 4 hours to speed the chemical hardening.
The finished bricks are very accurate and uniform.

16. Bricks Requirements of good brick Bricks must be light in weight
Bricks must be small in size to handle
Bricks must have frog
True to dimensions
Must give ringing sound when strike together
Must have uniform colour
Compressive strength 15 to 20 MPa

17. Bricks
Brick laying
Bricks are placed in various formations called bonds
One layer of the brick is called one course
No two vertical joints should come in two courses
Frogs should be on upper side

18. Types of bonds

19. Types of bonds

20. Types of bonds

21. Types of bonds

22. Types of bonds

23. Brick masonry Vertical load transfer up to 10m Load bearing walls
Curtain wall
Strong in taking compressive loads
Weak in lateral directions
Weak in taking seismic forces
Reinforced masonry

24. Reinforced brick masonry
To take the lateral loads

25. Brick masonry
Cavity wall

26. Concrete Masonry Units
Rectangular block
Used in wall construction
Material
Cast concrete
Cement
Sand
Fine gravel

27. Concrete Masonry Units
Rectangular holes are provided for better insulation
Block work is done just like brick work in courses with staggered layers
Sizes is variable depending upon the region
General size is 20cm X 20cm X 41cm

28. Concrete Masonry Units
Concrete block structure
Load bearing system:
Concrete block with
reinforced concrete
columns and tie beams