1. Properties of Matter and the Analysis of Glass Types of Glass

2. How is Glass Formed? Glass is made by heating sand with various metal oxides and cooling to an amorphous solid. Glass is made by heating sand with various metal oxides and cooling to an amorphous solid. Soda (sodium carbonate-Na 2 CO 3 ) is added to lower the melting point, making it easier to work with Soda (sodium carbonate-Na 2 CO 3 ) is added to lower the melting point, making it easier to work with Metal oxides are added to prevent the glass from dissolving in water. Metal oxides are added to prevent the glass from dissolving in water.

3. Soda-Lime Glass Calcium oxide is added as the metal oxide Calcium oxide is added as the metal oxide Soda-lime glass is used for windows and bottles Soda-lime glass is used for windows and bottles

4. Float Glass Soda-lime glass made by cooling on top of a bath of molten tin Soda-lime glass made by cooling on top of a bath of molten tin Used to manufacture windows Used to manufacture windows

5. Borosilicates Boron oxide is added at the metal oxide Boron oxide is added at the metal oxide This gives the glass exceptional heat resistance. This gives the glass exceptional heat resistance. Used to make auto headlights, pyrex, lab glassware, thermometers, cookware Used to make auto headlights, pyrex, lab glassware, thermometers, cookware

6. Tempered Glass Stress is introduced by rapid heating and cooling of the glass surfaces Stress is introduced by rapid heating and cooling of the glass surfaces When broken, this type of glass fragments rather than shatters. When broken, this type of glass fragments rather than shatters. Used for side and rear windows in automobiles Used for side and rear windows in automobiles

7. Laminated Glass A layer of plastic is sandwiched between two layers of glass A layer of plastic is sandwiched between two layers of glass This makes the glass strong and resistant to shattering This makes the glass strong and resistant to shattering When broken…spider web cracking pattern When broken…spider web cracking pattern Used in automobile windshields. Used in automobile windshields.

8. Leaded Glass Lead oxide is added as the metal oxide. Lead oxide is added as the metal oxide. Lead gives the glass higher density, and therefore, different refraction characteristics. Lead gives the glass higher density, and therefore, different refraction characteristics. Used for decorative glasses Used for decorative glasses

9. Bulletproof glass Made by combining several layers of glass with different hardness. Made by combining several layers of glass with different hardness. ¾ to 3 inches in thickness ¾ to 3 inches in thickness Softer layers of glass make the glass more flexible. Softer layers of glass make the glass more flexible. Each layer must have the same refractive index to make the glass transparent Each layer must have the same refractive index to make the glass transparent