2. Forty Years Later, Does it Still Exist?

4. Post Civil War 1865 End of war brought legal rights to African Americans on national level –13th Amendment –14th Amendment –15th Amendment Legal rights were not enforced

5. “Separate and Unequal” Jim Crow Laws Poll taxes Fear and intimidation African Americans rights are nullified through legal means on state and local levels

7. Legal Cases to Challenge Segregation Plessy vs. Ferguson –1896 –Separate but equal facilities Brown vs. Board of Education –1954 –Overturned separate but equal –Integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas

8. State Law vs. National Law Little Rock Crisis Governor of Arkansas ignored Brown vs. Board of Education President Eisenhower sent in National Guard troops to enforce law

10. Martin Luther King 1955 Launched modern Civil Rights Movement Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for violating Jim Crow law on public bus Led Montgomery Bus Boycott Non-Violent Protest

11. Nonviolent Protest Types –Sit-ins –Boycotts –Marches Popular with young, idealistic students –African American –White

13. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 1960 North Carolina Formed as a result of student-led sit-in Organized Freedom Rides throughout deep south Wanted media coverage in hopes of bringing national attention to their cause

14. Birmingham Protest 1963 Massive Organized by King Thousands of African Americans involved, including children Nonviolent actions met with various forms of violence –Club beatings –Police dog attacks –Water cannon

16. March on Washington Violence in Birmingham shocks the country Convinces JFK to endorse Civil Rights Movement Various Civil Rights groups organized a march on Washington August, 1963 More than 200,000 people attend Highlight of event was, “I Have A Dream” speech

17. Civil Rights Act 1964 Signed by President Lyndon Johnson Bill outlawed –Discrimination based on race, nationality, or gender –Segregation

18. 24th Amendment 1964 Outlawed poll tax Prevented states from voting laws contrary to federal laws Prompted various Civil Rights groups to begin voter registration drives

19. Assignment Due Monday PROJECT: A bumper sticker. MESSAGE: Combating racism and prejudice. We all know that racism and prejudice exist in our society, but unfortunately, we tend to ignore it. For this project you are being asked to get the message out by designing a bumper sticker that makes a statement about the importance of understanding and appreciating the differences of race, beliefs, and gender.