1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Self-Knowledge: How We Come to Understand Ourselves

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. The Nature of the Self

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Functions of the Self Why do human adults have such a multifaceted, complex definition of self? Researchers have found that the self serves both:

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Self-Knowledge Cultural Differences in Defining the Self In many Western cultures, people have an independent view of the self. Independent View of the Self

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Cultural Differences in Defining the Self In contrast, many Asian and other non- Western cultures have an interdependent view of the self. Interdependent View of the Self

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Gender Differences in Defining the Self Women Men

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves Through Introspection Introspection

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Focusing on the Self: Self-Awareness Theory Self-Awareness Theory

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Causal Theories Judging Why We Feel the Way We Do: Telling More than We Can Know

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. The Consequences of Introspecting about Reasons Reasons-Generated Attitude Change

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves by Observing Our Own Behavior Self-Perception Theory

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation Overjustification Effect

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Preserving Intrinsic Interest Task-Contingent Rewards Performance-Contingent Rewards

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Understanding Our Emotions: The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

16. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Finding the Wrong Cause: Misattribution of Arousal Misattribution of Arousal

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Interpreting the Social World: Appraisal Theories of Emotion Appraisal Theories of Emotion

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Using Other People To Know Ourselves Social contact is crucial to the development of a self-concept.

19. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves by Comparing Ourselves to Others Social Comparison Theory

20. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves by Comparing Ourselves to Others (1)When do you engage in social comparison? (2)With whom do you choose to compare yourself?

21. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves by Comparing Ourselves to Others upward social comparison: downward social comparison:

22. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Knowing Ourselves by Adopting Other People’s Views Social Tuning.

23. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Impression Management: All the World’s a Stage Impression Management Ingratiation Self-Handicapping. Self-Handicapping.

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Impression Management: All the World’s a Stage There are two major ways in which people self-handicap.

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Culture, Impression Management, and Self-Enhancement Self-Enhancement.