1. The Market and Transportation Revolutions Adapting Project History November 17, 2010

2. United States, 1789-1815  Constitution ratified in 1788  Expectations of Founders  Hamilton’s Financial Plan  French Revolution  Political sectionalism  Extent of country  Population scattered,  Population localists  90 % Farmers  Mainly living in subsistence-barter economy

6. The United States Before 1815 Agricultural Staple Exporting Economy 9 of 10 Americans Were Farmers Economy Undynamic, Little Change in Per- Capita Production Society Static Most Farmers, Subsistence Barter Economy Traditional Farm Society--Produce for Family and Local Community As Late as 1820, only 25% of farm goods in North sold in market economy

11. Market Revolution After 1815 Development of Interdependent Domestic Market Economy 1815 Watershed Transportation Revolution

13. The National Road

14. The Transportation Revolution: Canals 1816--100 Miles of Canals, Longest 27 Miles Erie Canal, 1817-1825, 364 Miles—highest point—650 feet above sea level Canal Building Boom –Upcountry to Tidewater –Atlantic to Ohio River Valley –Great Lakes to Mississippi River Pennsylvania Main Line Canal—396 miles long—highest point 2200 feet above sea level—required portage railroad to carry canal boats over Allegheny mountains 1840--3326 Miles of Canals

15. Erie Canal at Salina St.

16. Erie Canal and Bridge

18. Life on Erie Canal

19. Pa Portage RR

20. Pa Portage RR Engine

22. The Transportation Revolution: Steamboats Limitations of Sailboats, Keelboats, and Flatboats--Pittsburgh to New Orleans, 1950 Miles, 4 Months Upstream, 1 Month Downstream 1811: First Successful Steamboat from Pittsburgh to New Orleans 1820 69 Steamboats, 1855 727 Steamboats

24. Missouri River at Rocheport

28. The Transportation Revolution: Railroads Railroads: Cheap, Fast, Flexible Pennsylvania, Early Leader 1840: 3328 Miles of Track 1850: 8879 Miles of Track 1860: 30,626 Miles of Track

31. Railroads, 1850

32. Railroads, 1860

34. The Transportation Revolution: Costs and Time 1816: $9 Moved Ton 30 Miles Overland or 3000 by Sea to England By 1860 Costs Drop by 95% Wagon Speed: 2 MPH Railroads: 10 to 20 MPH Cincinnati to N.Y. –28 Days, Steamboat via New Orleans –18 Days, Canal System –6 to 8 Days, Railroad

35. The Interdependent Domestic Market Economy South: Specialized in Growing Cotton, Required Goods, Services from Northeast and Food from West West: Specialized in Growing Corn, Wheat, Livestock, Required Goods and Services from Northeast Northeast: Specialized in Providing Goods and Services, Required Food from West and Raw Products from South