1. Cognition Domain

2. Thinking Module 24

3. Module Overview Concepts Problem Solving Problems Solving Problems Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

4. Concepts Module 24: Thinking

5. Cognitive Abilities All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering.

6. Concept A mental grouping based on shared similarity. Categorizing items in one’s environment

7. Prototype A typical best example incorporating the major features of a concept. The closer a new object is to our concept prototype the easier it is to categorize it

8. Concept Hierarchy A means to keep mental information organized from basic concepts to specific ones

9. Concept Hierarchy

10. Problem Solving Module 24: Thinking

11. Problem Solving: Algorithms Module 24: Thinking

12. Algorithms A problem-solving strategy that guarantees the solution to a problem. Not always the most efficient method

13. Problem Solving: Heuristics Module 24: Thinking

14. Heuristics A rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy that makes a solution more likely and efficient but does not guarantee a solution. These can be handy shortcuts, or they can get us into trouble

15. Problem Solving: Insight Module 24: Thinking

16. Insight The sudden realization (Aha!) of the solution to a problem.

17. Problems Solving Problems Module 24: Thinking

18. Mental Set The tendency to approach a problem in a particular way. The set may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem

19. Problems Solving Problems: Fixation Module 24: Thinking

20. Fixation A mental set that hinders the solution of a problem. One needs to think beyond the mental set to solve the new problem

21. Luchins Water Jar Problem

31. Functional Fixedness The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.

32. Functional Fixedness Can you think of a way to use these materials to mount the candle on a bulletin board?

33. Functional Fixedness

34. Problems Solving Problems: Confirmation Bias Module 24: Thinking

35. Confirmation Bias The tendency to focus on information that supports preconceptions.

36. Problems Solving Problems: Counterproductive Heuristics Module 24: Thinking

37. Availability Heuristic Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. Can be correct or incorrect

38. Problems Solving Problems: Overconfidence Module 24: Thinking

39. Overconfidence When confidence is greater than accuracy.

40. Problems Solving Problems: Framing Module 24: Thinking

41. Framing How an issue is worded or presented, which can influence decisions and judgments.

42. The End