1. UNIT 7B

2.  Thinking Thinking  Language Language  Thinking and Language Thinking and Language

3.  Cognition (thinking) Cognition  Cognitive psychologists

5.  Concepts Concepts  Category hierarchies  prototype prototype

16.  Algorithms Algorithms  Step-by-step  Heuristic Heuristic  Insight Insight

17.  Creativity Creativity  Strernberg’s five components  Expertise  Imaginative thinking skills  A venturesome personality  Intrinsic motivation  A creative environment

18.  Confirmation bias Confirmation bias  Fixation Fixation  Mental set Mental set  Functional fixedness Functional fixedness

19.  Confirmation bias Confirmation bias  Fixation Fixation  Mental set Mental set  Functional fixedness Functional fixedness

20.  The Representative Heuristic The Representative Heuristic

21.  The Availability Heuristic The Availability Heuristic

22.  Overconfidence Overconfidence

23.  Belief perseverance Belief perseverance  Consider the opposite

24.  Intuition Intuition  Unconscious intuition

25.  Framing Framing  Framing experiments

27.  Language Language

28.  Phoneme Phoneme  English about 40 phonemes  Learning another language’s phonemes

29.  Morpheme Morpheme  Includes prefixes and suffixes

30.  Grammar Grammar  Semantics Semantics  Syntax Syntax

31.  Receptive language  Productive language  Babbling stage Babbling stage  One-word stage One-word stage  Two-word stage Two-word stage  Telegraphic speech Telegraphic speech

38.  Skinner: Operant Learning  Learning principles ▪ Association ▪ Imitation ▪ Reinforcement

39.  Chomsky: Inborn Universal Grammar  Language acquisition device  Universal grammar

40.  Statistical Learning and Critical Periods  Statistical learning  Critical (sensitive) period

42.  Whorf’s linguistic determinismlinguistic determinism  Bilingual advantage

43.  Implicit memory