1. Gender Transformative Norms Programming Bafana Khumalo Sonke Gender Justice Network, South Africa

2. Outline  Rationale and principles and rationale for the work  Overview of Sonke’s / MenEngage intervention strategy  Promising approaches  Strategies  Community Mobilisation  Policy Advocacy  Communication for behaviour change

3. Why work with men and boys?  Gender injustices and related concerns become more than just a ‘women’s issue’  Helps to address the causes and not just the consequences  Creates space to confront patriarchal notions of being male: the root cause of gender inequality and negative/risky masculinities.  Mobilises men as gender justice advocates: including policy makers and leaders  Makes HIV (and GBV) a societal, not just a women’s issue: creating an opportunity to address the behaviours that lead to violence.  Promotes behaviour change in men and boys through the identification and promotion of positive notions of masculinities  Shifts to a focus on prevention and changing attitudes and behaviour  There is an international mandate for engaging men and boys in achieving gender equality and h ealth equity.

4. It works  World Health Organization review of MI progs (2007).  A quarter successful in changing harmful gender attitudes and behaviour  Mentors in Violence Prevention (US),  small sample w/ comparison/control group, increased knowledge (correctly identifying sexual violence, GBV)  MAP in South Africa:  Changes in attitudes after participation  Soul City in South Africa:  exposure to TV shows led to more gender-equitable attitudes and increased communication related to GBV  Program H in Brazil/India:  Group education + community campaign led to increased condom use, lower STIs rates, attitude change  One Man Can (South Africa)  Workshop based training and awareness campaigns led to increased HIV testing, increased condom use and increased reporting of GBV

5. Guiding Principles  Recognize the gains made by the women’s rights movement  Promote women’s and girls’ rights  Work must be evidence based  See men as part of the solution, and not just the problem  Recognize relational nature of gender.  Be inclusive of and responsive to diversities among men  Address the underlying social and structural determinants of gender inequalities and injustice  Understand that the work is about sustainable BEHAVIOR change and requires long term commitments

6. “ True and lasting changes in gender norms will be achieved only when it is widely recognized that gender is relational, that it is short-sighted to seek to empower women without engaging men, and that it is difficult if not impossible to change what manhood means without engaging...women.” (Gary Barker)

7. Engaging Men  Points of engagement best seen as a continuum  As partners: Allies who support women and girl empowerment initiatives  As clients : Targets and recipients of state services such as health, educationand psycho-social support  As agents of change: Activists who work for gender equality and equity

8. Gender challenges in the region Early marriages, Virginity testing “ukuthwala” / Bride kidnapping GBV Wife inheritance, Hate crimes related to the LGBTI sector Forced arranged marriage, etc…

9. Gender Integration  Refers to strategies applied in program assessment, design, implementation, and evaluation to take gender norms into account and to compensate for gender inequalities.

10. Gender Integration Continuum  A way of measuring how successful we are in integrating gender into our programs

11. Gender Integration Continuum

12. Gender synchronized Percentage of women who think violence against them is acceptable and sometimes justified

13. Advances for Women in the Past 20 Years Greater parity in education Women’s economic empowerment Women’s political advancement Improvements in legislation in support of women’s rights

14. Limits to those advances have something to do with patriarchal tendencies  Limits of educational parity – dangerous schools, sexual violence,  Women’s economic empowerment  Political improvements – tokenism, failure to implement

15. Gender-Transformative Programs with Women Change the gendered power dynamics between men and women Provide access to education and skills Provide access to economic resources and assets Build social capital and support

16. Gender-Transformative Programs with Men Allow men to come together and discuss masculinity Examine the costs of negative masculinities Engage men in social action to challenge existing gender norms Encourages men to focus on being allies to women & the agenda for change

17. What is Missing from These Single-Sex Approaches ? The broader awareness of how gender norms are reinforced by everyone in the community. Recognition that true social change has to come from work with both sexes – with everyone.

18. Defining Gender-Synchronized Programs The intentional intersection of gender transformative work with men and with women Engage both sexes in challenging harmful constructions of masculinity and femininity Equalize the balance of power between men and women in order to ensure gender equality and transform social norms that lead to gender-related vulnerabilities View all actors in society in relation to each other Identify and create shared values that promote human rights, non- violence, equality and gender justice

19. Some Paradigms for Gender Work Women’s Empowerment enhances the status of women, increasing women’s power and access to resources relative to men Constructive Men’s Engagement (CME) promotes gender equity, increases men’s support for women’s SRH and children’s well being, and advances the health of men, women, and children. Gender Transformative Approaches questioning, and changing inequitable gender norms and imbalance of power as a means of reaching gender equity objectives. Gender Synchronized Approaches intentional intersections of gender- transformative efforts reaching both men and boys and women and girls.

20. Thank You! Asante! Siyabonga! O Brigado!