1. 1 1 1 1 1

2. DEVIANCE THE RECOGNIZED VIOLATION OF CULTURAL NORMS DISTINCT AREAS
BIASED TOWARDS THE POSITIVE
BIASED TOWARDS THE NEGATIVE
“DIFFERENT” OR “UNEXPECTED” ARE WORDS OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE DEVIANCE FROM A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
DISTINCT AREAS
CRIME (LAWS)
VIOLATION OF FORMALLY ENACTED CRIMINAL LAW
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
VIOLATION OF THE LAW BY YOUNG PEOPLE 2 2 2 2

3. THE ATTEMPTS A SOCIETY MAKES AT CONTROLLING THOUGHT AND BEHAVIOR
PASSIVE SOCIALIZATION
SOCIETY’S RULES EXIST IN OUR MINDS EXTERNALIZED BY FEELINGS OF SHAME AND GUILT
RESOCIALIZATION PROCESSES
COERCIVE METHODS USED TO ALTER A PERSON’S SELF-IMAGE AND PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON ISSUES
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
THE INSTITUTION THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REACTING TO ALLEDGED VIOLATIONS OF SOCIETAL LAWS 3 3 3 3

4. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NORM PLAYS A ROLE IN DETERMINING WHAT TYPE OF SANCTION IS MOST SUITABLE FOR THE OFFENSE COMMITTED 4 4 4

5. DEVIANCE VARIES ACCORDING TO NORMS
NO ACTION IS INHERENTLY DEVIANT
PEOPLE BECOME DEVIANT
HOW OTHERS PERCEIVE AND LABEL US
DEVIANCE INVOLVES POWER
RULE-MAKERS, RULE-BREAKERS, AND RULE-ENFORCERS
NORMS AND APPLYING THEM ARE LINKED TO SOCIAL POSITION 5 5 5

6. DEVIANCE: AFFIRMS CULTURAL VALUES CLARIFIES MORAL BOUNDARIES
PROMOTES SOCIAL UNITY
ENCOURAGES SOCIAL CHANGE
OPENS LINES OF COMMUNICATION
This is a Functional perspective 6 6 6

9. His Motto, "Kill the Indian, save the man"
Captain Richard Henry Pratt, 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers, Founder of the Carlisle School for Indian Students
His Motto, "Kill the Indian, save the man"
                                                   Captain Richard H. Pratt with Prisoners at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. Carlisle- www. army.mil.

11. EXPLAINING DEVIANCE MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY ORIGINS OF STRAIN
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IS LINKED TO SOCIAL STRUCTURE
TWO KEY QUESTIONS:
HOW REALISTIC ARE SOCIAL (PERSONAL) GOALS?
HOW ACCESSIBLE ARE THE LEGITIMATE MEANS FOR OBTAINING SUCH GOALS?
THE GAP BETWEEN WHAT “OUGHT TO BE” AND “WHAT IS” LEAVES A PERSON “STRAINED”
ORIGINS OF STRAIN
BELIEF IN MERITOCRACY
BELIEF IN AN EVEN PLAYING FIELD
BELIEF THAT THE SYSTEM WORKS EQUALLY
BELIEF THAT INDIVIDUALS WILL BE REWARDED IF THEY FOLLOW SOCIETY’S LEAD 7 7 7

12. STRAIN
THEORY 8 8 8

14. RETROSPECTIVE LABELING
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
EPISODES OF NORM VIOLATION THAT MOST PEOPLE TAKE PART IN WITH LITTLE HARM DONE TO SELF-CONCEPT
SECONDARY DEVIANCE
WHEN PEOPLE “MAKE SOMETHING” OF ANOTHER’S DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, THEY MAY…
PUSH THE PERSON INTO REPEATED NORM VIOLATIONS
AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DEVIANT IDENTITY
STIGMA
THE MARK OF SOCIAL DISGRACE THAT OFTEN INVOLVES PUTTING A PERSON THROUGH DEGRADATION CEREMONIES
RETROSPECTIVE LABELING
RE-INTERPRETING SOMEONE’S PAST
MAKING “JOHNNY’S” PAST BEHAVIORS MORE CONSISTENT WITH HIS PRESENT DEVIANT ACTIVITIES 9 9 9

18. Two Gay Teenagers executed in Iran in 2005

21. DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED
FREQUENCY OF ASSOCIATION IS CENTRAL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEVIANCE
IF ASSOCIATES ARE PRONE TO VIOLATION OF NORMS, THEN ONE IS ALSO MORE LIKELY TO TAKE PART
CONFORMITY REAPS REWARDS WHILE THE LACK OF IT REAPS PUNISHMENT
OTHER LEARNING TAKES PLACE
THE TECHNICAL SIDE OF COMMITTING CRIME IS TAUGHT
PERSONS LEARN HOW TO NEUTRALIZE ANY FEELINGS OF GUILT AND SHAME 10 10 10

23. ATTACHMENT OPPORTUNITY INVOLVEMENT BELIEF
FAMLY, PEERS, AND SCHOOL HELP US FORM CONFORMING ATTACHMENTS
OPPORTUNITY
DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE A PERSON HAS ABOUT THE FUTURE AND OPPORTUNITIES
INVOLVEMENT
TIME AND ENERGIES ARE LINKED TO “LEGITIMATE” ACTIVITIES
BELIEF
BUYING INTO CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 11 11 11

24. Biological Theories The Atavistic Criminal; Lombroso
Body Types; Sheldon and the Gluecks
Genetic Pre-dispositions

25. Lombroso

26. Sheldon and Gluecks

27. Sheldon and Gluecks

28. Sheldon and Gluecks

29. Phrenology

30. Phrenology

31. TAKING A LOOK AT CRIME CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON
DIRECT VIOLENCE, OR THREAT OF IT
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
INVOLVES THEFT OF PROPERTY
HATE CRIMES
CRIMES MOTIVATED BY RACIAL OR OTHER BIAS
WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
THOSE COMMITTED BY PEOPLE OF HIGH SOCIAL POSITION IN THE COURSE OF THEIR OCCUPATIONS
CORPORATE CRIME
CRIMES COMMITTED BY CORPORATIONS AGAINST EMPLOYEES AND CONSUMERS 12 14 14

32. THE “TYPICAL” CRIMINAL
AGE
PERSONS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 24
14% OF POPULATION
39.2% OF ARRESTS FOR VIOLENT CRIME
45/7% OF PROPERTY CRIMES
GENDER
71.1% OF PROPERTY CRIMES AND 83.1% OF ALL VIOLENT CRIMES ARE COMMITTED BY MALES
SOCIAL CLASS AND TYPES OF CRIME
LOWER CLASSES COMMIT MORE “STREET CRIME” THAN THE UPPER CLASSES, BUT THE UPPER CLASSES OFTEN COMMIT MORE SOPHISTICATED CRIMES INVOLVING MORE MONEY
RACE AND ETHNICITY
MINORITY GROUPS MEMBERS, ESPECIALLY YOUNG BLACK MALES, ARE DISPORPORTIONATELY INCARCERATED
REASONS INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
RACISM, THE OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE, POLICE TARGETTING 13 15 15

33. AFRICAN-AMERICANS REPRESENT 12
AFRICAN-AMERICANS REPRESENT 12.3% OF THE POPULATION, BUT ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY ONE-THIRD OF ALL ARRESTS FOR PROPERTY CRIMES AND 38.8% OF ALL ARRESTS FOR VIOLENT CRIMES. WHY?
RACISM DOES EXIST
RACE IS RELATED TO SOCIAL STANDING
SOME CRIMES COMMITTED BY WHITES ARE “UNREPORTABLE” or “UNREPORTED”
CULTURAL VALUE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MINORITY GROUPS 14 16 16

34. UCR Part 1 Offenses Against Persons Murder Forcible Rape Robbery
Aggravated Assault
Against Property
Burglary
Larceny (felonious)
Motor Vehicle Theft
Arson
The new NIBRS will include 22 categories of crime, and will attempt to measure some of the “dark figure of crime”

35. THE SYSTEM POLICE THE COURTS
PRIMARY POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN POPULATION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
LOTS OF DISCERNMENT (Discretion)
HOW SERIOUS IS THE CRIME?
IS THE SUSPECT COOPERATIVE OR NOT?
HAVE THEY ARRESTED THE SUSPECT BEFORE?
ARE BYSTANDERS PRESENT?
THE COURTS
PLEA BARGAINING
NEGOTIATING A GUILTY PLEA OFTEN RESULTS IN…
REDUCED CHARGE
REDUCED PUNISHMENT

36. DOES ANY OF IT REALLY WORK?
RETRIBUTION
MORAL VENGEANCE INFLICTED
DETERRENCE
DISCOURAGE FUTURE DEVIANCE
REHABILITATION
REFORM OFFENDERS WHILE IN PRISON
SOCIETAL PROTECTION
TEMPORARY REMOVAL OF OFFENDER THROUGH INCARCERATION
PERMANENT REMOVAL BY DEATH
DOES ANY OF IT REALLY WORK? 15 17 17