1. 1 Using the Knowledge Pyramid to Characterize Systems James N Martin Systems Engineering Conference SEDC 2012 at GMU Washington, DC 16 May 2012

2. 2 Different Classes of Systems System Data System Information Knowledge Information Data 0100110110011… Signals

3. 3 …and the Inverse System Data System Information Knowledge Information Data 0100110110011… Signals

4. 4 Data Information Knowledge 01001101011… The System Signals A Compound System

5. 5 What Does This Mean?      We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. DATA INFORMATION

6. 6 Sources of Knowledge Observation Simulation Deduction PerceptionLearningReasoning

7. 7 So, What is Knowledge ?? What a person believes based on –Perception –Learning –Reasoning

8. 8 Roles of Engineering & Architecting Architecting Engineering Observation Simulation Deduction

9. 9 SignalsData …1001010011… Information Meanings & Messages Knowledge Beliefs & Convictions Wisdom Ideals & Insights The Knowledge Pyramid

10. 10 Signals Data …1001010011… Information Meanings & Messages Knowledge Beliefs & Convictions Wisdom Ideals & Insights Aggregation from Bottom to Top Physical Environment

11. 11 Information Knowledge Wisdom Data Signals Physical Environment Detecting Converting Extracting Relating Discerning Transformation Actions

12. 12 Example from the NASA Earth Science Program SignalsDataInformationKnowledge

13. 13 How Do These Layers Map to People, Modeling & Tools?

14. 14 From Printed Images to Human Insights Signals Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

15. 15 From Machine to Mind Signals Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

16. 16 The Special Role of Systems Engineers Signals Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Design Engineers Systems Engineers

17. 17 Requires Different Types of Modeling Signals Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Signal Modeling Data Modeling Information Modeling Knowledge Modeling ????

18. 18 Different Models Need Different Tools Signals Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Metis (Knowledge Modeling) Popkin System Architect Rational Rose Opnet (Comm Modeling)

19. 19 An Example of an Architecture Mapped to the Layers of the Pyramid

20. 20 The “Kill Chain” Collection Processing & Assessment Battle Management Combat Direction Execution Wisdom Knowledge Information Data Signals

21. 21 From Sensor to Shooter Collection Processing & Assessment Battle Management Combat Direction Execution Wisdom Knowledge Information Data Signals Collection Processing & Assessment Battle Management Combat Direction Execution

22. 22 Signals Data …1001010011… Information Meanings & Messages Knowledge Beliefs & Convictions Wisdom Ideals & Insights The Knowledge Pyramid

23. 23 Knowledge-Creating Systems System Data SignalsInformation Knowledge

24. 24 Sources of Knowledge Observation Simulation Deduction PerceptionLearningReasoning