1. The Cold War Lecture 45

2. DefinitionCharacteristics Cold? Hot Spots Proxy Wars Cold War A strategic and ideological struggle that developed after WWII between the US and the USSR Clash between rival political and economic systems “Expansionism”  containment Competition (arms/nuclear race, space race) Propaganda Spies No actual military clash between U.S. and U.S.S.R. MAD = Both nuclear superpowers KoreaNicaragua VietnamAfghanistan IranCuba

3. Allies Divide Allies disagree about fate of Europe o FDR wants democracy; Stalin wants communism Stalin takes over Eastern Europe o Creates buffer zone of communist nations Iron Curtain: dividing line separating communist eastern Europe & democratic western Europe Cold War Begins - 1945 o Period of tension & hostility between USA &USSR o Will last for 46 years

4. USA Reacts Truman Doctrine o Containment: prevent communism from spreading o USA will support those resisting communism Marshall Plan o Protect Europe from communism o Food & money to rebuild western democracies

5. Berlin Airlift 2 Germanys & 2 Berlins o West Germany (USA, GB, French zones ) = democracy o East Germany (USSR zone) = communist o Berlin also divided, but located in East Germany Stalin tries to starve the democracy out o June 1948: Soviets blockade West Berlin USA will not abandon West Berlin o Planes fly 24/7 to airlift supplies o Airlift lasts till May 1949 when USSR lifts blockade

6. Opposing Alliances North Atlantic Treaty Organization -1949 o USA, Canada & Western Europe o Promise to protect each other if attacked Stalin creates the Warsaw Pact - 1955 o USSR & 7 communist nations in Eastern Europe

7. Arms Race USA only one with atomic bombs - 1945 o 1949: USSR tests A-Bomb o 1952: USA creates Hydrogen Bomb o 1953: USSR tests their own H-Bomb Each side races for nuclear supremacy o Bigger bomb deters other side from attacking o Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) If war breaks out, each side is destroyed

8. Hydrogen Bomb

9. Space Race USSR launches SPUTNIK – Oct 1957 o First artificial satellite sent into orbit Americans fear they have fallen behind o NASA created; increased math/science ed. Space Race o 1961: USSR puts 1 st man into space o 1963: USSR puts 1 st women into space o 1969: USA 1 st to walk on the Moon

10. Berlin Wall West Berlin very prosperous o Many East Germans flee to West Berlin o Immigration causing tension between USA & USSR USSR builds wall around West Berlin -1961 o Stops people from fleeing communist side

11. Berlin Wall