1. 1492-1607

2.  Clovis people  20,000 y.a.  Beringia

3.  Highly diverse societies  Common religious beliefs, attitudes toward land  Basic social unit – the family  More egalitarian, matrilineal societies  Extensive artistic and trade traditions

5.  1200 AD, Leif Erikson (Scandinavian)  Coast of New Foundland, decides not to pursue

6.  What countries take the lead?  What are they looking for?

8.  Renaissance  Reformation  Scientific Revolution

9. -4 major nations forming: Portugal, Spain, France & England. - Land and resources limited in Europe. - Monarchies and explorers search out riches through colonization. - Monarchies need money to support growing armies. - Migrations to escape religious persecution.

11.  Portugal  Around the “dark continent”

12.  African traditions and beliefs had a large impact on the formation of American history and culture. - trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt made empires very rich - Rulers claimed authority on basis of religion. - Basic social unit was the family. Collectively owned land. - Worshipped a variety of Gods but most believed in a single creator. - Traded with Arab merchants who brought Islamic faith to Africa.

13.  Circumnavigates the globe for Spain

14.  Christopher Columbus  Vasco Nunez de Balboa  Hernan Cortes  Francisco Pizarro  Hernando De Soto  Francisco Coronado  Juan Ponce De Leon

16.  Europe provided the markets, the capital & technology  Africa: Labor  New World: Raw Materials

17.  Treaty of Tordesillas  Divided New World land between Spain and Portugal.  Spain’s Dominance  The three G’s ▪ God, glory, and gold

19.  Natives – devastated native cultures both by disease, domination, and conquest. (90% die off)  Africans – devastated many West African societies. They lost their young and more able members.  Europeans – biggest voluntary migrations in history. Colonization flamed national rivalries. Spain becomes very rich.  Columbian Exchange – trading posts are set up all over the world. Exchange of plants, animals, goods and ideas between the western and eastern hemispheres.

21.  Religion – mission system in California  Language  Crops  Animals  Mestizos– mixed Spanish/Native population emerges  Encomienda system – allowed Spanish a native slave in return for Catholic coversion

22.  How did Native Americans and Africans struggle to maintain their autonomy?  How do these groups view one another?