1. Europe Faces Revolutions

2. Clash of Philosophies Conservative – Wealthy property owners – Nobility – Traditional, conservative Liberal – Middle class business owners – Elected parliaments, educated and land owners only Radical – Radicals – Democracy to all

3. Clash of Philosophies How can people have such different philosophies To which schools do U.S. political parties correspond?

4. Nationalism Develops Loyalty Blur political lines Nation States – Independent governments – 3 unified countries

5. Nationalism Culture Religion History Nationality Territory Language

6. Challenges to Conservatives Greeks defeat Ottomans Belgium defeat Dutch France – Louis Philippe overthrown – Violence – Louis Napoleon takes over Strong ruler Public works, industrialization, prosperity

7. Russia Lost Crimean War Serfs freed in 1861 Alexander II assassinated Alexander III takes over – Industrialization – Strict control