1. THE STORY OF SMALLPOX

4. HISTORY OF SMALLPOX As early as 10,000 BC Found on Egyptian mummies During the 1700’s around half a million European people died each year In the 1900’s smallpox killed 300-500 million people

5. EARLY TREATMENTS AT SMALLPOX In the 6 th century BC, the Chinese practiced a form of treatment called variolation. They took smallpox scabs Ground up the scabs And inhaled the power

6. HOW DID IT WORK? GUESS

7. How did it work.. Sometimes it gave the patients smallpox Sometimes it did not work and patients got smallpox later Sometimes it worked and people were protected against smallpox for life Explanation…..

8. Europe Europeans had a different way to practice variolation They scraped patient’s arms and placed smallpox pus into the patient’s arms

9. How did It work? Explanation…..

10. cowpox

11. Towards a smallpox vaccine People began to notice that dairy maids who got cowpox, lived and worked around people with smallpox, but the dairy maids did not get smallpox

12. Edward Jenner

13. Needed a subject to test his hypothesis that cowpox protected against smallpox. So he “volunteered” his gardner’s son – James Phipps

15. Steps taken: Scratch arm Add cowpox pus Phipps had a mild case of cowpox Two weeks later Phipps was given a large dose of smallpox pus by Jenner Phipps never got smallpox and was therefore protected

16. Why did Jenner’s vaccine work?

17. Vaccine The term used to give a patient a mimic or fake disease in order to prevent them from getting the real disease is called a vaccine – in honor of Jenner ( vacca – cow)

18. Smallpox reaction Jenner, after his vaccine in 1796 found A. fame B. fortune C. fame and fortune D. neither fame nor fortune

19. Eradication of smallpox The annual cost of the smallpox campaign between 1967-1979 was US $23 million. Was this a worthwhile use of taxpayer money? discuss

21. The US saves the total of all its contributions every 26 days because it does not have to vaccinate or treat the disease.

22. Modern Vaccines Modern vaccines are made from killed bacteria or inactivated viruses Or they are weaked Or they are pieces of part of the whole germ Or they are mimics of the poisons bacteria create

23. Viral diseases Prevented with vaccines Cannot be treated with antibiotics

24. polio

26. Work of Jonas Salk Began working on a vaccine for polio in 1942. Guess when the vaccine was ready for testing?

27. polio 1954 – approved for testing – how Salk “jumped the gun” 1955 – approved for public use

28. Polio today

29. Bacterial diseases Strep throat – caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

30. Strep throat The strep bacteria produce a poison that makes the capillaries swell open- causing blood to rush under the skin – called SCARLET FEVER

31. Strep throat The patient makes antibodies against the strep poison. The antibodies also bind with heart and kidney tissue and damage the heart and kidneys.

32. Strep throat The reason why doctors check for strep, is because it would be better to attach the infection with antibiotics not antibodies. SOMETIMES MEDICINES ARE BETTER THAN LETTING NATURE TAKE ITS COURSE That way the patient does not make an army of antibodies that could damage the heart and kidneys.

33. BOTULISM

34. CHOLERA

35. SYPHILIS

36. GONORRHEA

37. PRIONS Are infectious particles made of protein only THEY HAVE NO GENES – SO HOW DO THEY SPREAD???

38. HOW PRIONS SPREAD Prions are deformed proteins that cause the proteins in the brain to deform It would be like if everyone you bumped into would turn into you, and those people would bump into other turning them into you –soon there would be a whole lot of you

39. Prion diseases BSE – Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy – also known as mad cow disease Kuru