1. Unit 8: Motivation, Emotion and Stress
What is motivation?
What are the different types of individual needs?
What role does reinforcement play in motivation?

2. Module 37: Motivational Concepts

3. Drives and Motivations
Motivation—the forces within the individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work.
Reward—a work outcome of positive value to the individual
Extrinsic rewards—valued outcomes given to someone by another person.
Intrinsic rewards—valued outcomes that occur naturally as a person works on a task.

4. Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology
Instinct (fixed pattern)
Instincts in animals
Instincts in humans

5. Drives and Motivations
Drive-reduction theory
Homeostasis
Need
Drive
Drive reduction

6. A Hierarchy of Motives

7. Motivational Theories Strengths and Weaknesses

8. Module 38: Hunger Motivation

9. What can hunger motivate human to do?

10. The Physiology of Hunger
Contractions of the stomach
Washburn study

11. The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain
Glucose
Insulin
Hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus
orexin
Vetromedial hypothalamus

12. The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain
Appetite hormones
Ghrelin
Obestatin
PYY
Leptin
Set point
Basal metabolic rate

13. The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain

14. The Psychology of Hunger Taste Preferences: Biology and Culture
Genetic: sweet and salty
Neophobia
Adaptive taste preferences

15. The Psychology of Hunger Taste Preferences: Biology and Culture

16. The Psychology of Hunger Situational Influences on Eating
Do you eat more when eating with others?
Unit bias
Food variety

17. Obesity and Weight Control
The Physiology of Obesity
Set point and metabolism
The genetic factor
The food and activity factors
Social influence

18. Obesity and Weight Control

19. Look How Quickly the U.S. Got Fat (1985-2010 Animated Map)

20. Module 39: Sexual Motivation

21. The Physiology of Sex The Sexual Response Cycle
Excitement phase
Plateau phase
Orgasm
Resolution phase
Refractory period

22. The Physiology of Sex Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias
Erectile disorder
Premature ejaculation
Female orgasmic disorder (10-15%)
Paraphilias
Exhibitionism, fetishism, pedophilia

23. The Physiology of Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior
Effects of hormones
Development of sexual characteristics
Activate sexual behavior
Estrogen
Testosterone

24. The Psychology of Sex External stimuli Imagined stimuli Dreams
Sexual fantasies

25. The Psychology of Sex

26. Module 40: Social Motivation: Affiliation Needs

27. Introduction Aristotle’s social animal
Need to belong – affiliation need

28. The Benefits of Belonging
Enhanced survival
How belonging influences our thoughts and emotions
Attachment
Anxious attachment
Insecure avoidant attachment

29. The Pain of Being Shut Out
Ostracism
Cyberostracism
Anterior cingulate cortex
Influences on behavior

30. Connecting and Social Networking Mobile Networks and Social Media
Cell phones
Texting and
Facebook and twitter

31. Have social networking sites made us more, or less, socially isolated?
Connecting and Social Networking The Social Effects of Social Networking
Have social networking sites made us more, or less, socially isolated?
Does electronic communication stimulate healthy self-disclosure?
Do social networking profiles and posts reflect people’s actual personalities?
Does social networking promote narcissism?

32. Module 41: Theories and Physiology of Emotion

33. Cognition and Emotion

34. Cognition and Emotion Emotions Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience

35. Cognition and Emotion Historical Emotion Theories
Common Sense theory
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Lower spine injuries
High spinal cord injury

36. Two-factor theory Schachter-Singer Spillover effect
Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion: Schachter and Singer
Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer
Spillover effect

37. LeDoux’s high and low road
Cognition and Emotion Cognition May Not Proceed Emotion: Zajonc, LeDoux & Lazarus
Robert Zajonc
LeDoux’s high and low road

38. Cognition and Emotion Cognition May Not Proceed Emotion: Zajonc, LeDoux & Lazarus

39. Embodied Emotion Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system
arousing
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calming
Yerkes Dodson Law
Fight or flee

40. Embodied Emotion Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

41. Embodied Emotion The Physiology of Emotions
Insula
Brain circuits
Left frontal lobe

42. Module 42: Expressed Emotion

43. Detecting Emotion in Others

44. Detecting Emotion in Others
Nonverbal cues
Duchenne smile

45. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

46. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

47. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

48. Culture and Emotional Expression

49. Culture and Emotional Expression

50. Culture and Emotional Expression

51. The Effects of Facial Expressions

52. The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback effect
Health psychology

53. Module 43: Stress and Health

54. Stress: Some Basic Concepts

55. Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress appraisal

56. Stress: Some Basic Concepts Stressors – Things that Push Our Buttons
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles

57. Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Tend-and-befriend

58. Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System General Adaptation Syndrome

59. Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System General Adaptation Syndrome

60. Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System General Adaptation Syndrome

61. Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System General Adaptation Syndrome

62. Module 44: Stress and Illness

63. Introduction Psychophysiological illnesses Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Macrophage
Natural killer cells (NK cells)

65. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease

66. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
Stress and AIDS
Stress and Cancer
Stress and Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease
Type A
Type B

67. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease

68. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease

69. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease