1. Finding the Evidence Nia Wyn Roberts Bodleian Health Care Libraries

2. Session objectives Formulate a focused question Turn a focused question into a search Search TRIP & PubMed

3. Formulate a focused question Patient / Problem / Population Intervention Comparison Outcome

4. Scenario

5. Focused question P: football fans I: diet or “physical activity” C: N/A O: “weight loss” Are diet or physical activity interventions delivered through football clubs effective in promoting weight loss?

6. Quick search TRIP www.tripdatabase.com www.tripdatabase.com Other ways of finding secondary sources: – Cochrane Library www.cochrane.orgwww.cochrane.org – Epistemonikos www.epistemonikos.orgwww.epistemonikos.org – NICE Evidence www.evidence.nhs.ukwww.evidence.nhs.uk Subscription based “point of care” tools – Best Practice, DynaMed, UpToDate…

7. Hands-on Formulate a focused question – Use your own question – Record the search terms you’re using Run a quick search on TRIP www.tripdatabase.com www.tripdatabase.com

8. Searching for primary studies Why bother? Too few results Too many results Irrelevant results Submitting a funding proposal Writing a guideline, assignment, report… Conducting a systematic review

9. PIO Football fan* Football club* Soccer fan* Soccer club* Diet* “health eating” Exercise* “physical activity” Weight Bmi “body mass index”

10. Combine terms with OR Healthy eating diet Healthy eating OR diet – either term can be present

11. Combine terms with AND “weight loss” AND football – both terms must be present football Weight loss

12. Quick tips Take a common word stem and look for spelling variations e.g. ◦ diet* - will retrieve papers diet, diets, dieting, dieted… Phrase searching ◦ Use double quote marks if you want words to appear next to each other e.g. “physical activity”

13. PIO Football fan* OR Football club* OR Soccer fan* OR Soccer club* Diet* OR “health eating” OR Exercise* OR “physical activity” Weight OR Bmi OR “body mass index”

14. Develop a search strategy 1.football OR soccer 2.Diet* OR “healthy eating” OR exercise* OR “physical activity” 3.“weight loss” OR “lose weight” OR “weight reduction” OR bmi 4.1 AND 2 AND 3

15. Perform a search on PubMedPubMed

16. Hands on Run your focused search on PubMed – Go to http://www.pubmed.govhttp://www.pubmed.gov – Click on Clinical Queries – Try out the Advanced Search – Look at the PubMed tutorials – try a MeSH search

17. Help Finding the Evidence – EBM web-site – EBM tools – Finding the Evidence http://www.cebm.net http://www.cebm.net PubMed tutorial http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmed.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmed.html Cochrane Library tutorials http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/HowtoUs e.html http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/HowtoUs e.html