1. Modeling Kanban Scheduling in Systems of Systems Alexey Tregubov, Jo Ann Lane

2. Outline 2 Modeling Kanban scheduling in System of Systems:  Why do we need to model?  Overview of KSS Network  Key aspects of Kanban scheduling technique  Simulation model  Example of KSS Network  Results & future work

3. Why do we need to model? 3 Applications of modeling in System of System environments:  Hypothesis testing  Process improvement  Business decision support  Cost and effort estimation

4. Health care example of KSS Network 4

5. Key aspects of Kanban scheduling 5 Kanban principles embedded in prioritization algorithm:  Eliminate waste  Minimize context switching  Limit work in progress  Make process more visible and transparent  Kanban boards  Increased value delivered earlier  Value-based work prioritization  Reduce governance overhead

6. Key aspects of Kanban scheduling (continued) 6 Work prioritization algorithm based on the following:  All work items (WI) prioritized according to their business value  Every WI has a class of service: Standard, Important, Date Certain, Critical Expedite  Limiting work in progress: work in progress is never interrupted unless new work has a Critical class of service

7. Simulation model 7 Discrete event simulation:  Inputs:  Event scenario: a sequence of events that describes how network evolves over course of their execution  Team configuration: structure of teams, resource/specialties allocation  Simulation configuration: stop condition  Outputs:  Sequence of network states  Analysis: various indicators of effectiveness

8. Simulation model: definitions 8 Discrete event simulation – network state & transition algorithm Network state objects:  Kanban board – demand log, work items in progress  Team – group of resources (e.g. software development team)  Work item – task that requires effort to completed  Aggregation Nodes – logical group of work items, such as requirements, capabilities  Kanban network – teams, Kanban board, and their work items Transition algorithm:  Trigger events according to the scenario  Apply work prioritization algorithm

9. Health care example 9

10. Example: capabilities to requirements to products 10

11. Example: network structure & scenario 11

12. Example: outputs 12

13. Example: workflow 13

14. Example: result analysis 14 Value:

15. Conclusion: results 15  Simulation model  Simulator implementation: KSS Simulator  Two prioritization algorithms implemented  Several scenarios analyzed

16. Conclusion: future work 16  Pilot the Kanban scheduling with several organizations  Fine-tune the simulator using empirical data and organizations feed back  Scale up the cases we run through the simulator  Refine and calibrate cost models

17. Questions & answers 17