1. Lecture 2 The Causes of Poverty and Underdevelopment

9. Disparities of wealth The richest 1% of people own nearly half of all of the wealth on the planet. The richest 10% of people claim 86% of global wealth. Gap in average incomes between developed and underdeveloped countries 1820: 3 to 1 1950: 35 to 1 1973: 44 to 1 1992: 72 to 1

10. Theories of Poverty 1. Climatic theory Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755), L'esprit des Lois (1748) 2. Classical economics Adam Smith (1723-90). The Wealth of Nations 3. Population theory Thomas Malthus (1766-1834). The Principles of Political Economy (1820). 4. The division between labour and capital Karl Marx (1818-1883). Capital (1867). 5. Imperialism and the ‘Drain of Wealth.’ Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917). Poverty and Un-British Rule in India (1901) 5. The Capitalist Ethos Max Weber (1864-1920). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) 6. Dependency theory André Gunder Frank (1929-2005). Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967). 7. Globalisation and Cultural imperialism Ivan Illich (1926-2002). Celebration of Awareness: A Call for Institutional Revolution (1971).

11. 1. Climatic theory Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755), L'esprit des Lois (1748)

12. 2. Classical economics Adam Smith (1723-90). The Wealth of Nations

13. 3. Population theory Thomas Malthus (1766-1834). The Principles of Political Economy (1820)

14. 4. The division between labour and capital Karl Marx (1818-1883). Capital (1867)

15. 5. Imperialism and the ‘Drain of Wealth.’ Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917) Poverty and Un-British Rule in India (1901)

16. 5. The Capitalist Ethos Max Weber (1864-1920). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905)

17. André Gunder Frank (1929-2005). Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967) 6. Dependency theory

18. 7. Globalisation and cultural imperialism Ivan Illich (1926-2002) Celebration of Awareness: A Call for Institutional Revolution (1971)

21. Seattle 1999

22. Anti-globalisation protest Seattle 1999

23. Seattle 1999

24. Occupy Wall Street protest 2011